Nutrition & Food Sciences
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Item Abstract 145: Dietary intake and quality among stroke survivors compared to matched controls who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 1999 - 2018(Lippincott, 2023) Zoellner, Erika R.; Patterson, Mindy A.; Sharrief, Anjail Z.; Savitz, Sean I.; Tucker, Wesley J.; Miketinas, Derek C.Introduction: Nutrition is an important modifiable risk factor for the prevention and treatment of stroke. However, the examination of nutrient intake and diet quality in stroke survivors is limited. The purpose of this study was to estimate usual nutrient intake and diet quality in a nationally representative sample of US adults who have a history of stroke and compare to controls.Item Adaptive goal setting and financial incentives: a 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial to increase adults’ physical activity(BMC, 2017) Adams, Marc A.; Hurley, Jane C.; Todd, Michael; Bhuiyan, Nishat; Jarrett, Catherine L.; Tucker, Wesley J.; Hollingshead, Kevin E.; Angadi, Siddhartha S.Background: Emerging interventions that rely on and harness variability in behavior to adapt to individual performance over time may outperform interventions that prescribe static goals (e.g., 10,000 steps/day). The purpose of this factorial trial was to compare adaptive vs. static goal setting and immediate vs. delayed, non-contingent financial rewards for increasing free-living physical activity (PA).Item Antioxidant properties of Maillard reaction products derived from shrimp shell chitosan and xylose, fructose or glucose(New Century Health Publishers, 2019) Nie, Peng; Wei, Qing-Jun; Thakur, Kiran; Hu, Fei; Prasad, Chandan; Wei, Zhao-JunUnder certain conditions, chitosans can react with different types of reducing sugars to form various final Maillard reaction products (MRPs). In this study, the optimal reaction conditions were selected, and three different final MRPs (xylose-MRPs, fructose-MRPs, glucose-MRPs) were analyzed. The structure of the three MRPs was analyzed using fluorescence, ultraviolet, and infrared spectroscopic methods, and then the antioxidant activities of the three MRPs were determined. The results showed that the three MRPs have similar structure and function, and the antioxidant activities between them have certain regularity. Antioxidant activities were ranked as follows: xylose-MRPs>fructose-MRPs>glucose-MRPs, and this order was inversely proportional to their reaction time, that is, shorter the reaction time, higher the antioxidant activity, while longer the reaction time, lower the antioxidant activity.Item Aroma and flavor profile of raw and roasted Agaricus bisporus mushrooms using a panel trained with aroma chemicals(Elsevier, 2020) Du, Xiaofen; Sissons, Joanna; Shanks, Marcus; Plotto, AnneAgaricus bisporus is the most commonly consumed edible mushroom in the US, but research on its sensory properties is limited. This study characterized aroma and flavor of three raw and roasted A. bisporus mushrooms (white, crimini, and portobello) using quantitative descriptive analysis. Sixteen sensory attributes were chosen and included definitions and reference standards prepared with chemical solutions representing aromas perceived in the samples. All three raw A. bisporus possessed key sensory characters of mushroom, earthy, hay, soybean, potato, and woody aroma and flavors. Raw portobello and crimini had significantly higher (p < 0.05) flavor intensities in mushroom, earthy, dark meat, woody, and cabbage flavors, umami and bitterness taste, than white. When roasted, sensory profiles significantly (p < 0.05) shifted to dark meat, roasted, and fried notes, and portobello showed the highest intensity in dark meat flavor. Conversely, hay, woody, and earthy notes decreased in all roasted mushrooms. The results contribute to the growing body of research on mushroom sensory properties and potential use in savory products. The reference solutions could be adopted by other researchers or industry peers for A. bisporus sensory evaluation.Item Association between serum uric acid and metabolic syndrome components in prepubertal obese children (tanner stage I) from Nuevo León, Mexico - A preliminary study(BMC, 2017) Solis Perez, Elizabeth; González Medina, Mario Alberto; Lomeli, Manuel Lopez-Cabanillas; González, Verónica Tijerina; Pérez, Jesús Zacarías Villarreal; González, Fernando J. Lavalle; Imrhan, Victorine; Juma, Shanil; Vijayagopal, Parakat; Boonme, Kittipong; Prasad, ChandanBackground: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Previous studies in obese children demonstrating a positive association between serum uric acid (sUA) and components of MetS are confounded by lack of uniformity in age and pubertal status of children. Therefore, we have examined the role of sUA in MetS and its components in pre-pubertal children (Tanner Stage I, age ≤ 9 years).Item The Baby Bites Text Messaging Project with randomized controlled trial: Texting to improve infant feeding practices(AME Publishing Company, 2023) Davis, Kathleen; Klingenberg, Adyson; Massey-Stokes, Marilyn; Habiba, Nusrath; Gautam, Rupali; Warren, Cynthia; Yeatts, PaulBackground: Rapid weight gain and overweight in infancy are associated with childhood obesity. Thus, effective, accessible interventions to promote healthy infant feeding practices to prevent early obesity are essential.Item Bioactive plant metabolites in the management of non-communicable metabolic diseases: Looking at opportunities beyond the horizon(MDPI, 2015) Prasad, Chandan; Imrhan, Victorine; Juma, Shanil; Maziarz, Mindy; Prasad, Anand; Tiernan, Casey; Vijayagopal, ParakatThere has been an unprecedented worldwide rise in non-communicable metabolic diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes. While modern pharmacotherapy has decreased the mortality in the existing population, it has failed to stem the rise. Furthermore, a large segment of the world population cannot afford expensive pharmacotherapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for inexpensive preventive measures to control the rise in CVD and diabetes and associated co-morbidities. The purpose of this review is to explore the role of food bioactives in prevention of NCDs. To this end, we have critically analyzed the possible utility of three classes of food bioactives: (a) resistant starch, a metabolically resistant carbohydrate known to favorably modulate insulin secretion and glucose metabolism; (b) cyclo (His-Pro), a food-derived cyclic dipeptides; and (c) polyphenol-rich berries. Finally, we have also briefly outlined the strategies needed to prepare these food-bioactives for human use.Item Cardiac mechanisms for low aerobic power in anthracycline treated, older, long-term breast cancer survivors(BMC, 2022) Beaudry, Rhys I.; Haykowsky, Mark J.; MacNamara, James P.; Tucker, Wesley J.; Rao, Roshni; Haley, Barbara; Sarma, SatyamBreast cancer survivors have reduced peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak) which may be related to latent or lingering chemotherapy induced cardiac damage. Nine, older (67 ± 3 years), long-term survivors (9.8 years) of anthracycline based chemotherapy and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited and tested to determine whether: i) VO2peak remains reduced in long-term survivorship; and ii) reductions in VO2peak are due to cardiac dysfunction. VO2peak was significantly reduced in breast cancer survivors relative to healthy controls (15.9 ± 2.0 vs 19.9 ± 3.1 ml/kg/min, p = 0.006), however the heart rate and stroke volume responses to exercise were normal (heart rate reserve; 88 ± 9 vs 85 ± 10 bpm, p = 0.62: stroke volume reserve; 13 ± 6 vs 13 ± 9 ml,p = 0.94). These findings indicate low-normal ventricular size in long-term breast cancer survivors, but normal reserve function.Item Clinical considerations and exercise responses of patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: What have we learned in 20 years?(Clinical Exercise Physiology Association, 2020) Brubaker, Peter H.; Tucker, Wesley J.; Haykowsky, Mark J.Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for approximately 50% of all heart failure (HF) cases and is the fastest growing form of HF in the United States. The cornerstone symptom of clinically stable HFpEF is severe exercise intolerance (defined as reduced peak exercise oxygen uptake, VO2peak) secondary to central and peripheral abnormalities that result in reduced oxygen delivery to and/or use by exercising skeletal muscle. To date, pharmacotherapy has not been shown to improve VO2peak, quality of life, and survival in patients with HFpEF. In contrast, exercise training is currently the only efficacious treatment strategy to improve VO2peak, aerobic endurance, and quality of life in patients with HFpEF. In this updated review, we discuss the specific central and peripheral mechanisms that are responsible for the impaired exercise responses as well as the role of exercise training to improve VO2peak in clinically stable patients with HFpEF. We also discuss the central and peripheral adaptations that contribute to the exercise training-mediated improvement in VO2peak in HFpEF. Finally, we provide clinical exercise physiologists with evidence-based exercise prescription guidelines to assist with the safe implementation of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programs in clinically stable patients with HFpEF.Item Cognition and brain oxygen metabolism improves after bariatric surgery-induced weight loss: A pilot study(Frontiers Media, 2022) Anwar, Nareen; Tucker, Wesley J.; Puzziferri, Nancy; Samuel, T. Jake; Zaha, Vlad G.; Lingvay, Ildiko; Almandoz, Jaime; Wang, Jing; Gonzalez, Edward A.; Brothers, Robert Matthew; Nelson, Michael D.; Thomas, Binu P.Objective: The primary objectives of this pilot study were to assess cognition and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) consumption in people with severe obesity before (baseline), and again, 2- and 14-weeks after sleeve gastrectomy bariatric surgery.Item College campus food pantry program evaluation: What barriers do students face to access on-campus food pantries?(MDPI, 2022) Brito-Silva, Francilia de K.; Wang, Wanyi; Moore, Carolyn E.; Warren, Cynthia; Miketinas, Derek C.; Tucker, Wesley J.; Davis, Kathleen E.The purpose of this study was to explore barriers Texas Woman’s University (TWU) students face in accessing on-campus food pantries. This cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted in Fall 2021. Students’ use of the food pantries and barriers to utilization, including qualitative questions, were evaluated using descriptive statistics and thematic analyses. Students (n = 529) completed the survey. Despite a high prevalence of food insecurity (49.2%), most students reported never using the pantries (89.8%). Almost half of the students were unaware that these pantries existed on campus (47.8%). More than one in four students believed there were barriers to accessing the pantries, with time tissues, lack of transportation, limited food pantry hours of operation, and social stigma most commonly cited as major barriers to access. Food insecurity remains an urgent problem at TWU since the prevalence has remained high since 2019 despite the institutions’ efforts to reduce it. One of those resources has not been utilized as expected, which might impede improvements in food security among students. TWU on-campus food pantries can use these findings to address major barriers by offering after-hours access through the libraries or campus police, partnering with public transportation, and normalizing accessing food assistance.Item Consumer acceptance of egg white partially substituted with mushrooms and mushroom–egg white flavor pairing(Wiley, 2020-12-23) Du, Xiaofen; Muniz, Adriana; Sissons, Joanna; Wang, Wanyi; Juma, ShanilMushroom possesses a distinctive sensory quality and unique nutrients. Its pairing with egg white and consumer acceptance has never been investigated. In this study, formulated mushroom–egg white patty prototypes (white and crimini mushrooms at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, either oven roasted or steamed) were evaluated by 380 participants for acceptance and intensity of nine sensory attributes. Mushroom–egg white patty prototypes received positive hedonic scores for overall acceptance and the likeability of overall flavor, mushroom flavor, meaty flavor, egg white flavor, overall texture, and firmness. Consumer overall acceptance was most strongly and positively correlated with overall flavor liking, followed by overall appearance and overall texture likeability. Additionally, the likeability of flavor pairing between mushroom and egg white was rated positively across all 16 patties, indicating a good flavor match of mushroom and egg white. Consumer hedonic levels toward mushroom patties were significantly (p ≤ .05) impacted by cooking method, mushroom type, and mushroom level. The addition of mushroom was acceptable up to 20%, with steam method and crimini mushroom most preferred. The results provided new insights into consumer attitudes and potentially important sensory factors affecting the acceptability of mushroom–egg white patties, consequently increasing the utilization and consumption of mushrooms and mushroom-blended products.Item Consumer expectation of flavored water function, sensory quality, and sugar reduction, and the impact of demographic variables and woman consumer segment(MDPI, 2022) An, Uijeong; Du, Xiaofen; Wang, WanyiThis study aimed to investigate consumer expectation of flavored water and potential consumer segments. The results showed flavored water was ranked the fourth most popular drink, after plain water, tea, and coffee, by 901 participants. Consumers highly expected functional flavored water with refreshing (87.4% selection), thirst-quenching (73.7%), and tasty (65.7%) qualities, containing vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, and providing energy. Expected flavored water sensory qualities included temperature (62.4%), flavor (52.4%), and sweet taste (47.4%); lemon, berry, and lime flavors were most preferred, while bitterness, irritation, astringency, and sourness were least preferred. Pure sugar and honey were rated highest as the sweeteners for flavored water. Likewise, consumers were mostly concerned with taste followed by calories. Single demographic variables (age, reported health condition, drinking frequency, educational level) significantly influenced (p ≤ 0.05) flavored water function, sensory quality, and sugar reduction expectations. Females had higher expectation of flavored water’s refreshing and antioxidant functions. Cluster analysis revealed two consumer segments. The younger, low-education, self-reportedly less healthy cluster (mainly college students) expected various functions and flavors such as low temperature, cooling taste, diverse flavors, and sweet taste (and disliked bitterness). The older, educated, employed, self-reportedly healthy cluster had lower expectations of flavored water functions, were less sensitive to bitterness, and preferred no sweetness or little sweetness. These findings provide informative data to establish marketing and sales strategies for promoting flavored water.Item Consumer hedonic ratings and associated sensory characteristics and emotional responses to fourteen pecan varieties grown in Texas(2022) Du, Xiaofen; Wang, Xinwang; Muniz, Adriana; Kubenka, KeithPecan is one of the top five most widely consumed tree nuts, and pecan nut quality is a major factor for consideration in breeding better pecan cultivars for use by producers. However, the pecan industry faces a hurdle to evaluate its nutmeat taste, and there has so far been limited evaluation of consumer attitudes toward pecan nutmeat. This study aimed to investigate the consumer (n = 198) hedonic rating, diagnostic sensory attribute intensity, and emotional response for 14 pecan samples, consisting of native/seedling and improved varieties. The results showed all kernels received positive hedonic scores (>5, 9-point hedonic scale) for overall acceptance and the acceptability of size, interior color, typical-pecan flavor, and raw-nut flavor. The primary sensory attributes (intensities > 5.0, 0–10 line scale) were typical-pecan and raw-nut flavors, followed by buttery flavor, sweetness, and astringency. Kernel off-flavors were not perceived in general. For 20 emotion-associated terms, the intensity of the satiating effect was medium, while the energizing effect was lower. The major emotional responses were healthy, satisfied, and comfort, followed by calm, interested, premium, and relaxed. Kernel variety difference was significant (p ≤ 0.05) for all these measured variables. Consumer overall acceptance toward pecan kernels was driven by the acceptability of flavor and interior color, flavor intensities, no off-flavors, and positive emotional responses; kernel size was not an impactful factor. The six most preferred varieties were 86TX2-1.5, Pawnee, Barton, 1997-09-0012, 1991-01-0026, and Harris Super. This study is the first to use consumer input to assess nut quality and consumption preference and will be foundational to ongoing breeding programs to develop new pecan cultivars that will better meet consumer preferences and expectations, and therefore will be accepted by the processing industry and growers.Item Consumption of a diet rich in cottonseed oil (CSO) lowers total and LDL cholesterol in NORMO-cholesterolemic subjects(MDPI, 2012) Davis, Kathleen E.; Prasad, Chandan; Imrhan, VictorineAnimal data indicates that dietary cottonseed oil (CSO) may lower cholesterol; however, the effects of a CSO-rich diet have not been evaluated in humans. Thirty-eight healthy adults (aged 18%#x2013;40; 12 males, 26 females) consumed a CSO rich diet (95 g CSO daily) for one week. Anthropometric measurements were obtained, and blood was drawn pre- and post-intervention. Serum lipids (total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acids (FFA)) were assayed. There was no change in weight or waist circumference among participants. There was no change in HDL (Pre: 1.27 ± 0.4 mmol/L; Post: 1.21 ± 0.3 mmol/L) or TG (Pre: 0.91 ± 0.6 mmol/L; Post: 1.06 ± 1.0 mmol/L). Total cholesterol and LDL were reduced (TC Pre: 4.39 ± 0.9 mmol/L; Post: 4.16 ± 0.8 mmol/L; LDL Pre: 2.70 ± 0.8 mmol/L; Post: 2.47 ± 0.6 mmol/L). When data were grouped by sex, total cholesterol was reduced in female participants (Pre: 4.34 ± 0.9 mmol/L; Post: 4.09 ± 0.8 mmol/L). Consumption of a high fat, CSO-rich diet for one week reduced total cholesterol in female participants without reducing HDL.Item Contribution of dietary advanced glycation end products (AGE) to circulating AGE: Role of dietary fat(Cambridge University Press, 2015-09-22) Davis, Kathleen Elizabeth; Prasad, Chandan; Vijayagopal, Parakat; Juma, Shanil; Adams-Huet, Beverley; Imrhan, VictorineThe purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether macronutrient content (low-fat v. high-fat diet) influences an indicator of advanced glycation end products (AGE), N ε carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), in the context of a 1-d, high-AGE diet. The effect of the diets on inflammatory markers was also assessed. A total of nineteen overweight and obese adults (nine men and ten women) without known disease were recruited to participate in a crossover challenge of a high-fat, high-AGE (HFHA) and low-fat, high-AGE (LFHA) diet. In each phase patients had fasting blood drawn, followed by consumption of a high-fat or low-fat breakfast test meal, then three postprandial blood draws at 1, 2 and 3 h after consuming the test meal. After consuming high-AGE meals for the remainder of the day, participants returned the next day for a follow-up analysis. A different pattern in the 3-h post-meal CML and soluble receptor for AGE response to the two diets was observed (P = 0·01 and 0·05, respectively). No change in serum CML was observed following consumption of a LFHA breakfast (535 (25th–75th percentile 451–790) to 495 (25th–75th percentile 391–682) ng/ml; P = 0·36), whereas a rise in CML occurred after the HFHA breakfast (463 (25th–75th percentile 428–664) to 578 (25th–75th percentile 474–865) ng/ml; P = 0·05). High sensitivity C-reactive protein and high molecular weight adiponectin were not affected by either diet. These findings suggest that dietary CML may not be as important in influencing serum CML as other dietary factors. In addition, acute exposure to dietary CML may not influence inflammation in adults without diabetes or kidney disease. This is contrary to previous findings.Item Cross-sectional study on the knowledge and prevalence of PCOS at a multiethnic university(Wolters Kluwer, 2020-06) Rao, Manisha; Broughton, K. Shane; LeMieux, Monique J.Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, poorly understood, and underdiagnosed endocrine disorder in women. Understanding PCOS prevalence and information sources allows for resource development for those with PCOS and their loved ones. The purpose of this study was to identify PCOS prevalence, knowledge, and information sources in a young multiethnic cohort in Texas.Item Daytime and nighttime casein supplements similarly increase muscle size and strength in response to resistance training earlier in the day: A preliminary investigation(BMC, 2018-05) DiMarco, Nancy M.; Joy, Jordan M.; Vogel, Roxanne M.; Broughton, K. Shane; Kudla, Urszula; Kerr, Nathaniel Y.; Davison, Jason M.; Wildman, Robert E.C.Background: Casein protein consumed before sleep has been suggested to offer an overnight supply of exogenous amino acids for anabolic processes. The purpose of this study was to compare supplemental casein consumed earlier in the day (DayTime, DT) versus shortly before bed (NightTime, NT) on body composition, strength, and muscle hypertrophy in response to supervised resistance training. Methods: Thirteen males participated in a 10-week exercise and dietary intervention while receiving 35 g casein daily. Isocaloric diets provided 1.8 g protein/kg body weight. Results: Both groups increased (p < 0.05) in lean soft tissue (DT Pre: 58.3 ± 10.3 kg; DT Post: 61.1 ± 11.1 kg; NT Pre: 58.3 ± 8.6 kg; NT Post: 60.3 ± 8.2 kg), cross-sectional area (CSA, DT Pre: 3.4 ± 1.5 cm2; DT Post: 4.1 ± 1.7 cm2; NT Pre: 3.3 ± 1.6 cm2; NT Post: 3.7 ± 1.6 cm2) and strength in the leg press (DT Pre: 341 ± 87.3 kg; DT Post: 421.1 ± 94.0 kg; NT Pre: 450.0 ± 180.3 kg; NT Post: 533.9 ± 155.4 kg) and bench press (DT Pre: 89.0 ± 27.0 kg; DT Post: 101.0 ± 24.0 kg; NT Pre 100.8 ± 32.4 kg; NT Post: 109.1 ± 30.4 kg) with no difference between groups in any variable (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Both NT and DT protein consumption as part of a 24-h nutrition approach are effective for increasing strength and hypertrophy. The results support the strategy of achieving specific daily protein levels versus specific timing of protein ingestion for increasing muscle mass and performance. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03352583.Item Deep learning for rapid identification of microbes using metabolomics profiles(MDPI, 2021) Wang, Danhui; Greenwood, Peyton; Klein, Matthias S.Rapid detection of viable microbes remains a challenge in fields such as microbial food safety. We here present the application of deep learning algorithms to the rapid detection of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes using metabolomics data. Microbes were incubated for 4 h in a protein-free defined medium, followed by 1D 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measurements. NMR spectra were analyzed by spectral binning in an untargeted metabolomics approach. We trained multilayer (“deep”) artificial neural networks (ANN) on the data and used the resulting models to predict spectra of unknown microbes. ANN predicted unknown microbes in this laboratory setting with an average accuracy of 99.2% when using a simple feature selection method. We also describe learning behavior of the employed ANN and the optimization strategies that worked well with these networks for our datasets. Performance was compared to other current data analysis methods, and ANN consistently scored higher than random forest models and support vector machines, highlighting the potential of deep learning in metabolomics data analysis.Item Demonstration of pyroglutamylpeptidase and amidase activities toward thyrotropin-releasing hormone in hamster hypothalamus extracts(Elsevier, 1976) Prasad, Chandan; Peterkofsky, A.Using a radioimmunoassay method for thyrotropin-releasing hormone, the presence of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-metabolizing activity in various hamster tissues was demonstrated. While there was substantial activity degrading thyrotropin-releasing hormone in hypothalamus, there was a notable absence of such activity in pituitary. The enzymatic activity in the hypothalamus was shown to be soluble and separable into two fractions. Analysis of the metabolic products formed by the two enzymes indicated that one possessed an amidase activity (less than Glu-His-Pro-NH2 leads to less than Glu-His-Pro) and the other possessed pyroglutamylpeptidase activity (less than Glu-His-Pro-NH2 leads to less than Glu+His-Pro-NH2). Other peptides containing NH2-terminal pyroglutamic acid or COOH-terminal amide groups did not block the hydrolysis of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, suggesting that the enzymes were specific. Some inhibitors preferentially blocked the activity of one or the other enzymes. Of possible biological significance is the observation that thyroid-stimulating hormone inhibited the amidase activity while hydrocortisone inhibited the pyroglutamylpeptidase activity.