Kinesiology

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Psychometric validation of the Physical Educators’ Judgments about Inclusion in Angola
(Aug-23) Gomes, Agueda Maria Flores 1968-; Dillon, Suzanna R; Mann, Mark; Silliman-French, Lisa; Dunlap, Karen
The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Physical Educators’ Judgments about Inclusion in Angola (PEJI-A). Originally developed by Hodge at al. (2002), the Physical Educators’ Judgments about Inclusion (PEJI) evaluates physical educators’ judgments concerning “cognitive expressions of attitudes” related to inclusion of students with disabilities in general physical education settings (p. 435) and consists of 16 items divided among three subscales: (a) inclusion versus exclusion, (b) acceptance of students with disabilities, and (c) perceived training needs. The pre-existing PEJI instrument was translated and evaluated using a three-phase process that involved: (a) translating of the PEJI instrument from English to Portuguese as spoken in Angola (i.e., PEJI-A), (b) establishing evidence of face and content validity of the PEJI-A, and (c) investigating the reliability and construct validity of the PEJI-A. Data were collected from 237 elementary classroom and secondary physical education teachers from three Angolan provinces using a demographic questionnaire and the PEJI-A. Based on the results of the reliability analysis, EFA, and Pearson correlation analysis, the present version of the Physical Educators’ Judgments about Inclusion in Angola (PEJI-A), inclusive of all three subscales, does not demonstrate evidence of reliability and validity because the first subscale of the PEJI-A (specific to the dimension of inclusion) was not deemed to be reliable or valid. It appears that the PEJI-A needs to be revised with items that better measure the constructs of inclusion consistent with the Angolan educational context. Despite the statistical constraints of the PEJI-A related to subscale 1, it does show promise as a much-needed tool to investigate physical education for students with disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa and address the preservice and in-service training needs of physical educators that are well-documented in the literature.
Multi-level influences on seafood consumption among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participants in New Orleans, Louisiana
(Aug-23) Causey, Traci; Amuta, Ann; Golman, Mandy; Imrhan, Victorine
Seafood is a lean, nutrient dense protein source that is recommended for weekly consumption based on the benefits for human health, yet only 10% of Americans meet the recommendation. The purpose of this study was to explore social-ecological factors associated with seafood consumption among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants in New Orleans, Louisiana using a quantitative cross-sectional research design and survey instrument. Results showed only 50% of study participants (N = 238) consumed at least two weekly servings of seafood. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between participants’ sociodemographics characteristics, knowledge of the health and environmental benefits of seafood, social support and group norms, and the influence of policies, public health campaigns, and media and seafood consumption. Race (p = .037, OR= .371) and children in household (p = .007, OR = .565) were statistically significant sociodemographic characteristics. Relative to the participants’ knowledge of the health and environmental benefits of seafood, the model was not statistically significant, χ2(1) = .000, p = 1.00, Nagelkerke R2 = .000. Families that consume seafood (p < .001, OR = 3.694) and local New Orleans culture (p = .008, OR = 1.962) were significant intrapersonal predictors. At the societal level, the significant predictors included awareness of seafood-related policies and messaging through Eat Fit Nola (p < .001) and an unawareness through LiveWell Louisiana (p = .030), SNAP-Ed (p = .005), family/friends (p = .015), and social media (p = .039). Crosstabulations using Pearson’s chi-square and Cramer’s V tests were conducted to examine participants’ perceptions relative to 15 statements and the influence of accessibility, availability, and cost and seafood consumption. There was a significant relationship between the statement “I worry about mercury when eating seafood” and seafood consumption, χ2(1) = 6.183, p = .013, Cramer’s V = .191 and seafood consumption. There was no statistically significant relationship between all other factors. Based on the findings from this study, comprehensive health promotion and education is needed to address low levels of seafood consumption among SNAP participants. Further exploration is needed to understand the potential role of family engagement to increase seafood consumption.
Examining the relationship between coping strategies and positive body image among older women
(Dec-23) karpiel, mary susan 1955-; Massey-Stokes, Marilyn; Mandy Golman; Menn, Mindy
This exploratory study examined the relationships among coping strategies (appearance-fixing, avoidance, and positive rational acceptance), perceived sociocultural pressures, and positive body image in a sample of women aged 50 and older (N=164). The role of coping strategies as a moderator in the relationship between perceived sociocultural pressures and positive body image was also examined. Correlation analysis revealed that avoidance (r = -.746) appearance-fixing coping (r = -.238) were significantly and negatively correlated to positive body image, and positive rational acceptance ( r = .491) was significantly and positively correlated with positive body image. Correlation analysis also revealed that perceived sociocultural pressures (pressures mean r = -.44) were significantly and negatively correlated with positive body image. In addition, as a first step in determining moderation, multiple linear regression indicated that the three coping strategies significantly predicted positive body image; however, perceived sociocultural pressures were not significant predictors of positive body image. Furthermore, moderation with interaction was tested with coping strategies (appearance-fixing, avoidance, positive rational acceptance) and avoidance coping was the only coping style with a significant interaction. Thereby, indicating that avoidance coping moderated the relationship between perceived sociocultural pressures and positive body image, i.e., the negative effect of perceived sociocultural pressures on positive body image depended on the level of avoidance coping. For instance, high levels of avoidance coping lowers positive body image and this effect on body image remained stable regardless of perceived pressures; whereas, when avoidance coping was low and sociocultural pressures were also low, positive body image was still relatively high. However, small increases in sociocultural pressures strengthened the negative effect on positive body image. Results provide preliminary support for addressing positive rational acceptance coping and avoidance coping in health education/promotion interventions designed to enhance positive body image among older women.
The effects of the pitcher-ground interaction on fastball pitching velocity
(Dec-23) Tuttle, Noelle; Kwon, Young-Hoo; Ellina Grigorieva; David Nichols; Gretchen Oliver
Baseball is one of the most popular sports worldwide and participation continues to rise, including the number of pitchers per team. Previous studies have investigated the relationship between ground reaction forces (GRF) and pitch velocity; however, no study has fully defined the pitcher-ground interaction as it relates to fastball pitch velocity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the pitcher-ground interaction variables and normalized linear wrist velocity (NLWV), an indirect indicator of pitch velocity, in experienced baseball pitchers. Fifteen male baseball pitchers (4 left-handed; age = 20.9 ± 5.2 years; height = 177.2 ± 7.6 cm; mass = 80.0 ± 10.8 kg; experience = 5.6 ± 5.2 years) were recruited for participation. All participants were able to throw at least 10 full-effort fastballs and had consistent pitching mechanics. This study utilized a 10-camera motion capture system and a custom pitching mound with three imbedded force plates. Pitchers were asked to throw 10 successful fastballs at top velocity to a target. Variables measured were maximum NLWV, GRF for the drive, stride, and combined feet in the up/down (U/D), towards/away (T/A), and left/right (L/R) directions, and pitcher-ground interaction moments [ground reaction force moment (GRFM) and total external moment] for the drive, stride, and combined feet about the U/D, T/A, and L/R axes. It was determined that maximum GRF of the drive foot in the towards direction, and the stride foot and combined feet in the up and away directions were significantly (p < .05) and strongly correlated with NLWV. Additionally, maximum GRFM and total external moment of the drive foot about the L/R axis, and total external moment of the combined feet about the T/A axis during the first peak were significantly and strongly correlated with NLWV. Based on these findings, the drive foot is responsible for creating large external moments, while the primary role of the stride foot is to generate large external forces prior to ball release, which are associated with increased NLWV. Therefore, pitchers may choose to adapt a pitching style that maximizes the pitcher-ground interaction prior to ball release.
Muscle damage, inflammation, and muscular performance following the physical abilities test in professional firefighters
(May-23) Sokoloski, Matthew Lawrence 1992-; Rigby, Brandon; Irvine, Chris; Bosak, Andy; King, George; Irvine, Chris; Bosak, Andy; Biggerstaff, Kyle D; King, George
Proper monitoring of fatigue, cardiovascular disease, and muscular damage may be used to decrease the high levels of cardiovascular disease, overuse musculoskeletal injuries, and workers compensation claims within the profession of firefighting. The purpose of this study was to examine muscle damage, muscular fatigue, and inflammation responses following a typical firefighting shift. Twenty-four professional firefighters completed two Physical Abilities Tests to standardize the tasks typically performed in a day of work and elicit similar physiological responses. These individuals were then monitored for 48hrs. Prior to and 48hrs following the PAT these individuals were evaluated for changes in strength, power, range of motion, as well as blood markers including myoglobin, TNF-α, and C-Reactive Protein. Following the PAT significant differences in myoglobin (p < 0.05), grip strength (p < 0.05), vertical jump (p < 0.05), and sit-and-reach (p < 0.05) were observed. No differences in TNF-α or C-Reactive Protein were observed (p > 0.05). Twenty-four hours following a shift firefighter still show decreased levels of strength, power, and range of motion. This may lead to decreases in performance and an increased risk of injury.
Leadership development and effectiveness among female athletic directors in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)
(May-23) Elms, Rachel; Kimberly Miloch; Nichols, David; Jennifer Flanagan
Women’s participation in sport has increased significantly, however, women remain significantly underrepresented in leadership positions at all levels (Burton, 2015). While Title IX has been a monumental force for the increase of female sport participation (Coakley, 2009), the authority of women remains marginalized in sport (Bopp & Walker, 2011). Furthermore, current reports by Lapchick (2021) indicate that women now hold only 36.3% of upper management positions in sport. Furthermore, studies pertaining to the interaction between leader gender and leadership style in sport are also limited (Wells, Peachey, 2014; Peachey, Burton, 2011; Dirik, 2020). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate leadership style in sport as it relates to gender, years in leadership positions, and effectiveness via a developmental perspective. Qualitative data was collected through individual, in-depth semi-structured interviews involving female athletic directors in intercollegiate sport. The study sample featured eight female athletic directors currently working in the NCAA divisions I, II, and III. The open-ended interview questions focused on the women’s career paths, perceptions of leadership within collegiate sport settings, and changes in leadership style over time. These questions were developed from the literature review yet altered to meet the objectives of the study. The term effectiveness was defined as a high-level of achievement within the leadership role. Achievement for this study indicates positive results as they refer to relationships and career goal fulfillment within the role of athletic director. Through the tedious process of coding and data reduction and analysis, ten dominant themes were established. The themes for RQ1 included (a) leadership style variance (b) the importance of collaboration. The themes for RQ2 included (a) underrepresentation (b) gender-based stereotypes (c) work-life applications. The themes for R3 included: (a) career viability (b) leadership support. The findings of this research are valuable in the furthering of career options and opportunities for females seeking to pursue athletic director roles within the NCAA. The findings also suggest areas for improvement within the organizational environment of leadership within intercollegiate sport.
Self-efficacy, barriers, and opportunities: Examining the delivery of asthma education among U.S. primary care physician assistants
(May-23) Greenlee, Quanté Lamont 1982-; Amuta, Ann; Amuta, Ann; Amuta, Ann; King, George; Amuta, Ann; Amuta, Ann; Massey-Stokes, Marilyn; Isik, Elif
The delivery of asthma education among primary care physician assistants (PAs) has not been well documented in the literature. Although researchers have mentioned PAs in previous studies, the findings were not specific to the profession. This study had a quantitative cross-sectional research design with a convenience sample representative of primary care PAs from across the United States (N = 140). The purpose of the study was to determine what PA practice characteristics (primary care discipline, clinic location, time spent with patient, and years of work experience) were predictive for the delivery of asthma education delivery. The study also sought to determine if clinical experience (years of work experience and number of asthma patients seen weekly) was predictive of asthma education self-efficacy. The survey deployed in this study was a modified version of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 2012 National Asthma Survey. Survey modifications included adding questions to focus on Component 2 (asthma education) of the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program EPR-3 guidelines and removing questions on asthma treatment and monitoring. The modified 2012 NAS was an 11-item survey to collect data on clinical demographics, clinical experience, measured asthma education resources, components of asthma education delivered, barriers to asthma education, asthma education self-efficacy, and perceived patient knowledge. The participants also completed a personal demographics survey. Multiple regression was conducted to determine the relationship between PA practice characteristics and asthma education and the relationship between clinical experience and asthma education self-efficacy. Further analyses included a binomial logistic regression to examine the relationship between asthma education and barriers, chi-square goodness of fit to examine the relationship between components of asthma education, and Spearman’s Rho to examine the relationship between perceived patient knowledge and asthma education. Statistical analysis was significant for the relationship between time spent with patient and total asthma education delivered (ß = .19, p = .03), indicating that more time spent with patient increased the delivery of asthma education. Based on the negative regression coefficient, male gender (ß = -.26, p < .01) was associated with higher levels of asthma education. Chi-square goodness of fit was also statistically significant for symptom recognition education (χ2(1) = 124.46, p < .001), risk-factor avoidance education (χ2(1) = 132.11, p < .001), home and work environment (χ2(1) = 37.03, p < .001), and observation of inhaler technique (χ2(1) = 9.26, p = .002), indicating a difference between the components of asthma education delivered by primary care PAs. Asthma action plans was the only asthma education component not statistically significant (χ2(1) = 0.46, p = .499). The statistical tests examining the relationships between clinical experience and asthma education self-efficacy, asthma education and barriers, and perceived patient knowledge and asthma education had no statistically significant results. The results of this study indicate that time is a primary barrier to the delivery of asthma education among PAs. Additionally, while the results do not indicate that PAs perform asthma education at significant lower rates than other PCCs, overall self-efficacy and rates of delivery need improvement.
Physiological responses to a 60-Minute Zuma® class in college age females
(Texas Woman s University, 1/1/2013) Rogers, Rebecca; Biggerstaff, Kyle D.; Ben-Ezra, Victor; Nichols, David L., Ph. D.
Purpose. The purpose of this study was be to determine the physiological responses throughout a 60 min Zumba® class and compare the average METs of the Zumba® class to the American College of Sports Medicine's definition of vigorous activity of 6 METs. Methods. 30 college age females were analyzed during a Zumba® class. Throughout the class, METs, caloric expenditure, kcal/min, HR, and VO2 were recorded using a K4b2 Cosmed unit that the participant wore during the class. Results. There was no significant difference between the METs of the full Zumba® class and 6 METs (5.7 ± 1.8 vs. 6.0). Discussion. Zumba® is classified as a moderate intensity activity and capable of meeting the ACSM's criteria if practiced for 60 min duration, 3-5 days per week. Taking three Zumba® classes per week would be the minimum recommended frequency with an increase for more fitness improvements or weight control.
Using movement homework activities to enhance the phonological skills of children whose primary communication difficulty is a phonological disorder.
(Texas Woman s University, 1/1/2013) Diaz-Williams, Paz; Silliman-French, Lisa; French, Ron; Nichols, David L., Ph. D.; Moorer-Cook, Laura
Students who have been classified with a Speech-Language Impairment (SI) are eligible to receive special education services within the U.S. school system. The classification of children with SI is generally categorized into two groups: Those with language impairments (receptive and expressive) or those with speech impairments (e.g., articulation, fluency, voice, phonological). The focus of this dissertation was on phonological disorders, which are one of the most common speech impairments treated during preschool years. It has been reported that up to 20% of all preschool children in the U.S. can be described as having noticeable phonological problems (McKinnon, McLeod, & Reilly, 2007). There are several concerns to be considered when choosing and applying a therapeutic approach when teaching preschool children with phonological processing disorders. First, a lack of progress is noted when the treatment lacks adequate opportunities for practice (number of trials or responses per session and minimal number of sessions). Second, a preschool child does not receive developmentally appropriate treatment; in other words, the application of therapeutic approaches is not modified to fit the audience (e.g., cycles approach). Third, a preschool child naturally has short attention spans and often benefit from gross motor movement (Gallahue & Cleland-Donnelly, 2003). In view of these concerns, the motor domain may be used as a medium to enhance the phonological skills of preschool children. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of Gross Motor Activity Homework on the phonological skills of preschool children whose primary communication difficulty is a phonological disorder. Three different homework groups were compared: (a) Gross Motor Activity Homework, (b) Structured Table Activity Homework, and (c) Structured Table Activities with Letter-Tracing Homework. Participants were 30 students (26 males, 4 females, M age = 4 years, 5 months, age range: 3.6 - 5.3 years). Children were purposefully selected, and then were randomly assigned to one of three groups (10 in each group). Pretest measures were compared to posttest measures after a 12 week intervention phase that consisted of the participants completing homework assignments with their parents 5 times a week. Based on the analysis of the data, improvement in phonological skill performance was therefore evident for all three groups across the interventions.
Factors influencing professional team sport attendance among Hispanics
(1/1/2013) Reed, Corrie Maria; Myers, Bettye; Nichols, David L., Ph. D.; Webb, Kerry
The purpose of this study was to investigate, by utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), factors influencing Hispanic adults to attend a professional team sporting event or to watch one on television. Another aim was to discover the favorite team sport of Hispanics. Finally, the frequency of watching professional team sporting events on television and the amount of money spent on purchasing a favorite teams logo products among Hispanics was examined in the study. The total U.S. sports market generates revenue of roughly $400 to $425 billion yearly (Plunkett, 2010). Numerous motivating factors influence spectator attendance to professional team sports including cost, substitute products available, game importance, player identity, team identity, social influence, entertainment value, and the uncertainty of the final outcome. The Terry College of Business reports two trends in Hispanic buying power including (a) Hispanic buying power will increase by 50% from 2010 to 2015, and (b) Hispanic buying power tops all other racial and ethnic groups in the rate of growth (Fahmy, 2010). The TPB is a theory often used to explain why a person behaves a certain way by taking into account the following (a) attitude toward the behavior, (b) social pressure, and (c) perceived behavioral control. Quantitative research methodology using demographics and frequency distribution was applied. The two surveys (FPTSEPCIH and PTSAPCIH) as well as a demographic questionnaire were administered through the on-line web-based company Survey Monkey. Three hundred fifty-eight total responses were received. Excitement was the most frequently expressed influence for Hispanics to attend a professional team sport event. Eighty percent of attendees, 40% of non-attendees, and 9% of neither attendees nor television viewers reportedly purchased some type of sport team logo product with the majority spending less than $100. It was also discovered that the favorite professional team sport to attend was basketball (78%) while football (77%) was the favorite to watch on television. Results from this study have revealed Hispanics are current consumers of professional team sport. It is recommended that sport marketers invest resources toward moving Hispanics up the consumer escalator from light or moderate to heavy users.
Skilled Nursing facilities: Wellness requests from the baby boomer generation
(Texas Woman s University, 1/1/2013) Kyle, Sara McVean; Nichols, David L., Ph. D.; Miloch, Kimberly; Baker, Pamela
The purpose of this study was to determine wellness specific requests of the Baby Boomer population in reference to hoosing a skilled nursing facility for self and family members. Participants are any individual born from 1946 ¨C 1964 with access to the survey via internet or hard copy. A survey was emailed using various hosting sites, such as corporate emails, social media sites, and forwards to additional contacts, containing questions regarding physical, social, and intellectual wellness preferences in the nursing setting. Returned survey responses through PsychData totaled 462, totaling 436 useable surveys. All data analyses were conducted using SPSS version 21.0, using a significance level of p ¡Ü .05: for all analyses. Results of the study show that the specific demographics of income and education may not significantly determine the extent to which a Baby Boomer will prefer certain dimensions of wellness in a skilled nursing facility. However, gender has a significant impact on both physical and social wellness preferences based on Mann Whitney analysis. Physical wellness questions regarding meal options, walking trails, supervised exercise programs, adapted exercise programs, and overall wellness were all significantly different at p <.001. Mean scores indicate women place slightly greater importance on each measure of physical wellness. Social wellness and gender shows association when measuring (1) distance of facility from family members and potential visiting friends, (2) family proximity to facility (3) animal interaction, and (4) volunteer opportunities. While the differences between genders are statistically significant for four of the five social wellness questions, there is only a noticeable difference for animal interactions. Additionally, intellectual wellness is important to Baby Boomers, exhibited by selections of ongoing educational programs and accessibility to technology and internet communication via Wi-Fi availability. In conclusion, the majority of Baby Boomers surveyed seek physical and social wellness opportunities in long term care, specifically skilled nursing despite income and education levels.
Biomechanical effect of therapeutic shoes
(Texas Woman s University, 1/1/2014) Wang, Qiu; Kwon, Young-Hoo; Nichols, David L., Ph. D.; Wang-Price, Sharon; Sanborn, Charlotte
The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not Orthofeet® Biofit and Orthofeet® Dress therapeutic shoes provided biomechanical benefits compared to Danskin® Now. Twenty participants (eight women and twelve men) walked at self-paced speed across a walkway with two embedded force plates. Both in-shoe plantar pressure and gait kinematics and kinetics in the sagittal plane were collected. Therapeutic footwear showed significant effects on gait kinetics and kinematics at the ankle joint level and the effects diminished towards more proximal joints (i.e. knee and hip joints). Therapeutic footwear altered the plantar pressure distribution with increased peak pressure and Pressure-time integral (PTI) under the big toe, slightly reduced peak pressure and PTIs under 1st metatarsal, reduced peak pressure and PTIs under the medial heel. The outcomes of the study might be useful and helpful for both clinical practitioners and consumers when choosing therapeutic footwear.
Effect of video modeling and primary reinforcers on the push-up performance of elementary aged male students with autism spectrum disorders
(1/1/2014) Trocki-Ables, Pamela M.; French, Ron; Silliman-French, Lisa; Nichols, David L.
The prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) has been on the rise since the early 1990's (Centers for Disease Control, 2012). As a result, more children than ever are being diagnosed with ASD. However, since 2002, there has been a more significant increase which has almost doubled. Currently 1 in 88 children (11.3 per 1,000) in the United States has been identified as having an Autism Spectrum Disorder which is a 23% increase since the last report was released from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in 2009. With the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders increasing, it has become necessary for those teaching students with ASD to use and implement evidence-based practices (EBP) in all areas. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of two evidence-based practices, specifically video modeling and reinforcement, on the push-up performance of elementary aged males with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Participants were 5 elementary aged males with an Autism Spectrum Disorder and a speech impairment but no secondary intellectual disability. Participants were asked to perform push-ups, based on FITNESSGRAM criteria, in their home environment under three different treatment conditions. The treatment conditions included video modeling, primary reinforcers, and no video modeling or primary reinforcers (control). In addition, this investigation included a generalization phase in which one push-up session was conducted 3 days after the last treatment session. A randomized alternating-treatment design was used in this investigation (Richards, Taylor, & Ramasamy, 2013) and from the data collected, repeated measurements of the dependent variable (i.e., number of push-ups performed) were analyzed. The data from this study were analyzed through visual inspection of graphic data. Additionally, a Friedman's analysis of variance by ranks was used to determine if there was a statistically significant difference in push-up performance among the three treatments. Based on visual inspection of the data, 2 out of 5 participants performed their best push-ups under both Treatment 1 (video modeling) and Treatment 2 (primary reinforcer) and 3 out of 5 participants performed their best push-ups under Treatment 1 (video modeling). Based on statistical treatment of the data, differences between Treatment 1 (video modeling) and Treatment 2 (primary reinforcer) on push-up performance was not statistically significant; however, both Treatment 1 (video modeling) and Treatment 2 (primary reinforcer) were statistically significant when compared to Treatment 3 (control).
Call and response: Trends in Capoeira Pedagogy
(1/1/2014) Shilcutt, Jackie Beth; Nichols, David L.; Silliman-French, Lisa; Graham, Leslie
The purpose of this study was to inquire into the promotion of longevity within the Brazilian martial art form capoeira by investigating learning environments created by capoeira professores, with specific attention given to (1) pedagogical techniques used to pass on capoeira in a way that promotes longevity and (2) injury prevention practices present in capoeira instruction. This qualitative study utilized capoeira professores recruited amongst known teachers in the Itu community via email and word of mouth. These professores completed questionnaires, participated in oral interviews, and further discussed emerging themes and practices in a focus group. Results indicated themes of injury specific preventative stretches and strengthening, inclusion practices, pedagogical tactics, and a typical class format of warmup, stretches, specific skill work, and practice. By examining current practices, this study creates space for questions and dialogue about existing techniques and provides a comparative marker for future generations to reference.
Effects of a bout of exercise using multiple intensities on serum lipids and lipoproteins
(1/7/2020) Murray, Christopher Lane; Ben-Ezra, Victor
This study investigated the effects of a 400 kcal continuous exercise session using high then moderate exercise intensities on serum lipids and lipoproteins. The variables TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C concentration were investigated in healthy young adults. Ten participants completed the exercise and control trials. The exercise session consisted of continuous exercise at a high-intensity (70% of VO2max) for 200 kcals followed immediately by moderate-intensity (50% of VO2max) exercise for another 200 kcals. Blood samples were taken immediately before exercise and 24 hr post exercise for biochemical analysis. Two-Way ANOVA revealed no significant effect of exercise and time for TC (p = .762), TG (p = .686), HDL-C (p = .403), and LDL-C (p = .863). It was concluded that a bout of exercise using high and moderate intensities has the same effect of exercise done at either intensity alone and provided no additional benefits on serum lipids and lipoproteins.
A biomechanical comparison of successful and unsuccessful triple-turn pirouette en dehors trials in ballet
(1/9/2019) Kim, Jemin; Kwon, Young-Hoo
Pirouette en dehors is a turn in which the dancer's body rotates and completes at least one full revolution with one foot on the floor. It is considered difficult to learn and perform in classical ballet. The purpose of this study was to identify biomechanical kinetic differences between the successful- and unsuccessful-trials groups in triple turn pirouette en dehors motion. It was hypothesized that the successful trials group would have larger longitudinal whole body angular momentum (AM), pivoting moment (PM) and ground reaction force moment (GRFM) than the unsuccessful trials group. Forty skilled collegiate or professional classic ballet dancers (11 males and 29 females) were recruited for this study. The participants were divided into two groups based on their successful and unsuccessful trials. Selected variables were computed through a seven-camera (Qualisys-three-dimensional) motion capture system (250 Hz) and two force-plates (Kistler-2500Hz), with 48 reflective markers. The data was imported into the Kwon3D (5.0) motion analysis software for subsequent data processing. Three MANOVA (SPSS 25.0) were used to compare the dependent variables between successful trials group and unsuccessful trials group conditions (each MANOVA was set p < .025). The first MANOVA was completed to compare all primary variables. The second MANOVA was performed to compare expannatory variables. The peak longitudinal AM, AM generation rate, and peak combined PM, gesture foot PM at TPM (time of peak PM) and gesture foot horizontal GRF at TPM were significantly different between the successful- and unsuccessful-trials groups. The successful trials group was characterized by larger whole body longitudinal AM, AM generation rate and peak PM, meaning this group demonstrated superiority in the generation of angular motion. The unsuccessful trials group had an inefficient double-to-single stance phase for the kinetic variables which caused unsuccessful triple turn pirouette en dehors motion. While peak PM is lower for the unsuccessful trials group, a loss of whole body AM and AM rate creates a failed motion. Kinetics plays a major role in the performance of the triple-turn pirouette en dehors. Further investigation to compare kinematic variables for successful- and unsuccessful- trials group is warranted.
Acute effects of high-intensity interval exercise vs. concurrent exercise on flow-mediated dilation in college-aged women
(10/30/2019) Allen, Ashley N.; Rigby, B. Rhett
Heart disease is the leading cause of female mortality worldwide. As a treatment, exercise can improve cardiac and endothelial function, increase bone mineral density, promote lean muscle mass, and improve pulmonary function. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two different modes of exercise on flow mediated dilation in the brachial artery in college-aged women. Ten recreationally active women were assigned to either a high intensity interval group (HT) or a group who completed strength exercises and high intensity interval exercise, called the concurrent exercise group (CT). Measurements of flow mediated dilation (i.e., the hyperemic response of a blood vessel post occlusion) were taken at baseline, after one workout session, and after three workout sessions. There were no differences for FDM% or brachial artery diameter across all time points for either training protocol. Neither a combination of high-intensity interval exercise and resistance exercise or high-intensity interval exercise alone acutely led to structural or functional changes in the brachial artery in recreationally active healthy young women.
Positioning of Korean immigrant parents of children with autism spectrum disorder on physical education programming in the United States
(10/4/2018) Lee, Seo Hee; Dillon, Suzanna; Dillon, Suzanna
An important goal for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is to increase physical activity participation as it has been documented that physical activity participation for children with ASD is significantly lower than their typically developing peers (Pan, 2008). To that end, the roles of parents are significant in increasing physical activity participation of children with ASD (Chaapel, Columna, Lytle, & Bailey, 2013). Moreover, families need to work together with school personnel to provide quality educational programming for their children with ASD (IDEA, 2004). With the U.S. special educational system, the number of students with disabilities from immigrant families has been increasing. Like other parents in the U.S., immigrant parents want appropriate and quality educational services for their children with disabilities, including physical education services (Cho, Singer, & Brenner, 2001). Therefore, the purpose of the study was to analyze positioning of Korean immigrant parents of children with ASD on physical education programming in the U.S. Five Korean immigrant parents of children with ASD (four mothers of children with ASD and one father of a child with ASD), who were immigrants, were recruited to participate in the study and to share information about their children's educational services. In using qualitative research design, different positions of Korean immigrant parents were explored; data were transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis, and then re-analyzed for themes using the position theory. During the data analysis procedure, re-current themes (i.e., common positions) and associated subthemes emerged from the data (e.g., interview with parents, review IEP documents, field notes). Evident throughout this study was that many immigrant parents of children with ASD were disconnected from the U.S. special education system due to cultural and language barriers. In addition, most Korean immigrant parents in this study were uncertain about GPE and APE for their children with ASD. However, within the limitations of this study, the immigrant parents of children with ASD highly valued the quality of educational services and wanted to be positioned as active in their roles in the U.S. educational landscape including GPE and APE service delivery. It is a critical request based on the findings of the study that more comprehensive support and understanding are needed for immigrant parents of children with ASD to participate in the educational process for their children within the U.S. The most salient message from the study is that GPE and APE teachers should be a part of supportive teams to assist immigrant parents to be more knowledgeable about GPE and APE and to encourage immigrant parents to facilitate their children’s engagement in GPE and APE classes. An important goal for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is to increase physical activity participation as it has been documented that physical activity participation for children with ASD is significantly lower than their typically developing peers (Pan, 2008). To that end, the roles of parents are significant in increasing physical activity participation of children with ASD (Chaapel, Columna, Lytle, & Bailey, 2013). Moreover, families need to work together with school personnel to provide quality educational programming for their children with ASD (IDEA, 2004). With the U.S. special educational system, the number of students with disabilities from immigrant families has been increasing. Like other parents in the U.S., immigrant parents want appropriate and quality educational services for their children with disabilities, including physical education services (Cho, Singer, & Brenner, 2001). Therefore, the purpose of the study was to analyze positioning of Korean immigrant parents of children with ASD on physical education programming in the U.S. Five Korean immigrant parents of children with ASD (four mothers of children with ASD and one father of a child with ASD), who were immigrants, were recruited to participate in the study and to share information about their children's educational services. In using qualitative research design, different positions of Korean immigrant parents were explored; data were transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis, and then re-analyzed for themes using the position theory. During the data analysis procedure, re-current themes (i.e., common positions) and associated subthemes emerged from the data (e.g., interview with parents, review IEP documents, field notes). Evident throughout this study was that many immigrant parents of children with ASD were disconnected from the U.S. special education system due to cultural and language barriers. In addition, most Korean immigrant parents in this study were uncertain about GPE and APE for their children with ASD. However, within the limitations of this study, the immigrant parents of children with ASD highly valued the quality of educational services and wanted to be positioned as active in their roles in the U.S. educational landscape including GPE and APE service delivery. It is a critical request based on the findings of the study that more comprehensive support and understanding are needed for immigrant parents of children with ASD to participate in the educational process for their children within the U.S. The most salient message from the study is that GPE and APE teachers should be a part of supportive teams to assist immigrant parents to be more knowledgeable about GPE and APE and to encourage immigrant parents to facilitate their children’s engagement in GPE and APE classes.
A comparison of one- and two-camera procedures for the biomechanical analysis of human performance
(Texas Woman's University, 11/18/1984) Harvey, Walter Ray
Caloric expenditure during one exercise session following ACSM and CrossFit guidelines
(11/18/2014) Brisebois, Matthew Francis; Biggerstaff, Kyle D.; Nichols, David L., Ph. D.; Ben-Ezra, Victor
Purpose. This study sought to compare energy expenditure, recovery VO2 and peak heart rates and VO2's achieved across 45 min of exercise and 15 min of recovery following both CrossFit® and ACSM guidelines. Methods. Thirty physically active participants performed a workout following both CrossFit® and ACSM guidelines. During each workout the participants wore a K4b2 Cosmed unit to measure energy expenditure, VO2 and heart rate. Results. Energy expenditure (468 ± 116 vs. 431 ± 96 kcal), peak heart rate (189 ± 8 vs. 172 ± 8 bpm), peak VO2 (3.22 ± 0.73 vs. 2.81 ± 0.63 L/min) and average 15 min recovery VO2 (0.89 ± 0.24 vs. 0.78 ± 0.18 L/min) were significantly greater in the CrossFit® workout (p < .05). Conclusion. CrossFit® can be an effective exercise program for expending calories, although the high intensity may be unsafe for individuals with health conditions.

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