Scholarly Works

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/11274/9519

Browse

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 879

Review of Waite, Kevin, West of Slavery: The Southern Dream of a Transcontinental Empire
(The Civil War Monitor, 0021-07) Zander, Cecily N.
As an historian of the Civil War’s westernmost reaches, I have been eagerly anticipating the publication of Kevin Waite’s West of Slavery: The Southern Dream of a Transcontinental Empire. Waite’s book is a significant achievement of scholarship, building on older literatures of slavery, western expansion, and nineteenth-century imperialism while advancing a newer body of work grappling with alternative forms of coercive and unfree labor in the United States, the borderlands, the significance of the American West to the Civil War, and the interconnected relationship between the West and South during the Civil War era. Waite reveals not only the ways in which Southerners and slaveholders imagined the Southwest, but also examines the lasting consequences of those pro-slavery imperial visions for a region most Americans do not associate with slaveholding.
Examining the association between acculturation indicators and metabolic syndrome among Hispanic adults
(11/4/2019) Quezada, Alejandra; Massey-Stokes, Marilyn
The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between acculturation indicators and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Hispanic adults living in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area in Texas. MetS is a pressing public health problem, and Hispanics have the highest prevalence among all ethnic groups in the United States (35.4%). MetS is a cluster of five risk factors (blood pressure, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides) that increase a person’s risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Currently, Hispanics are the second-largest ethnic group in the United States, and more than one-third of the U.S. Hispanic population is foreign-born. As immigrants and subsequent generations are exposed to the mainstream U.S. culture, the process of acculturation impacts their lifestyle behaviors and health. Acculturation indicators (nativity, duration in the United States, and scores from the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics) and the five MetS markers were assessed among 128 adult participants. Logistic regression modeling was conducted to predict MetS status (present/not present) by acculturation indicators and covariates (sex, age, and education). Additional analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between each individual MetS marker, acculturation indicators, and the identified covariates. For every one-unit increase in a participant’s duration in the United States (measured in years), the likelihood of having abnormal blood pressure increased by 6% and the likelihood of having abnormal blood glucose increased by 5%. Results indicate increasing exposure to the mainstream American culture negatively impacts health risks and status among Hispanics. The primary treatment for MetS is lifestyle modification that includes regular physical activity, healthy eating, and weight loss. Health care providers can aid in reducing MetS prevalence by raising awareness of the condition and associated risk factors among their patients as well as recommending lifestyle modification to reduce their risk. Study results can aid health educators in planning, implementing, and evaluating health communication campaigns and health education/promotion programs to prevent MetS among Hispanics. Further examination of what changes occur in health behaviors that increase risk of MetS would provide further insight into why duration in the United States is associated with elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting blood glucose levels.
Effect of tryptophan catabolites on the development of heat resistance in Bacillus cereus spores
(Faculty Press, Cambridge, 1970) Prasad, Chandan; Srinivasan, V.R.
Ethyloxamate and nicotinamide inhibited the development of heat resistance and the biosynthesis of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (dipicolinic acid) in Bacillus cereus spores. Addition of quinaldic acid or hydroxyanthranilic acid to an ethyloxamate-grown culture resulted in an increase in the number of heat resistant spores. Nicotinamide induced heat sensitivity could be reversed to different degrees by the addition of kynurenine or xanthurenic acid. Explanations which may account for these observations are presented.
Initiation by methionine of mouse immunoglobulin light chain containing NH-2terminal pyroglutamic acid
(Elsevier, 1975) Prasad, Chandan; Peterkofsky, A.
The mechanism of biosynthesis of NH2-terminal pyroglutamic acid has been studied in a mouse plasmacytoma (RPC-20) which produces an immunoglobulin light (lambda) chain containing NH2-terminal pyroglutamic acid. To this end, initation of lambda chain synthesis in plasmacytoma cell suspensions has been investigated. The analysis of radioactive lambda chain synthesis by these cells was accomplished with an antibody preparation specific for the precipitation of lambda chain protein from total plasmacytoma protein. NH2-terminal analysis of plasmacytoma cells labeled with [35S]methionine showed that the ratio of radioactivity in NH2-terminal methionine to total incorporation in lambda chain was greater at 2 min of labeling than at 60 min. However, such a pattern of transient labeling of the NH2 terminus of the lambda chain was not obtained when cells were incubated with tritiated leucine, arginine, or tryptophan. The data indicate that methionine is the initiator amino acid for the synthesis of lambda chain containing NH2-terminal pyroglutamic acid.
Use of fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products and soluble fibrin complexes for differentiating pulmonary embolism from nonthromboembolic lung disease
(American Thoracic Society, 1976) Bynum, Lincoln J.; Halverson, Colleen Crotty; Wilson III, James
To help differentiate pulmonary embolism from other lung diseases, we measured the degradation products of fibrinogen and fibrin and soluble fibrin complexes in normal control subjects and patients with pulmonary embolism, lung cancer, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis, asthma, and several miscellaneous disorders. A separate group of patients, who were suspected of having pulmonary embolism but had negative pulmonary angiography, were also tested. Many nonthromboembolic lung diseases frequently were associated with positive fibrinogenjfibrin degradation products or soluble fibrin complexes, but those with high positivity rates for one test tended to have low rates for the other test. Both fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products and soluble fibrin complexes were positive in 55 per cent of patients with pulmonary embolism but only in 4 per cent with nonthromboembolic conditions (P < 0.001), in 7 per cent of patients with negative pulmonary angiography (P < 0.001), and in none of the normal subjects (P < 0.001). Both tests were negative in only 3 per cent of patients with pulmonary embolism but in 35 per cent of nonthromboembolic diseases (P < 0.005), 54 per cent of those with negative pulmonary angiography (P < 0.001), and 79 per cent of normal control subjects (P < 0.001). The combination of fibrinogenjfibrin degradation products and soluble fibrin complexes is more valuable than either test alone in the diagnostic separation of thromboembolic from nonthromboembolic pulmonary diseases.
Involvement of the glucose enzymes II of the sugar phosphotransferase system in the regulation of adenylate cyclase by glucose in escherichia coli
(Elsevier, 1976) Harwood, J.P.; Gazdar, C.; Prasad, Chandan; Peterkofsky, A.; Curtis, S.J.; Epstein, W.
The nature of the interaction of glucose with toluene-treated cells of Escherichia coli leading to inhibition of adenylate cyclase was examined by the use of analogues. Those analogues with variations of the substituents about carbon atoms 1 or 2 (e.g. alpha-methylglucoside or 2-deoxyglucose) are inhibitory, and they are also substrates of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system. Analogues with changes in other parts of the molecule (e.g. 3-O-methylglucose or galactose), L-glucose and several disaccharides and pentoses, do not inhibit adenylate cyclase and are not substrates of the phosphotransferase system. This correlation suggests some functional relationship between the adenylate cyclase and phosphotransferase systems. Further studies were done with mutants defective in glucose enzymes II of the phosphotransferase system (designated GPT and MPT); these two activities are measured by phosphorylation of alpha-methyl-glucoside and 2-deoxyglucose, respectively. The wild-type parent phosphorylates both analogues, and both inhibit adenylate cyclase. In the GPT- mutant, alpha-methylglucoside does not inhibit adenylate cyclase and is not phosphorylated, while 2-deoxyglucose is inhibitory and phosphorylated. In the GPT- MPT- double mutant, adenylate cyclase activity is present, but neither alpha-methylglucoside nor 2-deoxyglucose inhibits adenylate cyclase, and neither sugar is phosphorylated. These studies demonstrate that glucose inhibition of adenylate cyclase in toluene-treated cells requires an interaction of this sugar with either the GPT or mpt enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system.
Demonstration of pyroglutamylpeptidase and amidase activities toward thyrotropin-releasing hormone in hamster hypothalamus extracts
(Elsevier, 1976) Prasad, Chandan; Peterkofsky, A.
Using a radioimmunoassay method for thyrotropin-releasing hormone, the presence of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-metabolizing activity in various hamster tissues was demonstrated. While there was substantial activity degrading thyrotropin-releasing hormone in hypothalamus, there was a notable absence of such activity in pituitary. The enzymatic activity in the hypothalamus was shown to be soluble and separable into two fractions. Analysis of the metabolic products formed by the two enzymes indicated that one possessed an amidase activity (less than Glu-His-Pro-NH2 leads to less than Glu-His-Pro) and the other possessed pyroglutamylpeptidase activity (less than Glu-His-Pro-NH2 leads to less than Glu+His-Pro-NH2). Other peptides containing NH2-terminal pyroglutamic acid or COOH-terminal amide groups did not block the hydrolysis of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, suggesting that the enzymes were specific. Some inhibitors preferentially blocked the activity of one or the other enzymes. Of possible biological significance is the observation that thyroid-stimulating hormone inhibited the amidase activity while hydrocortisone inhibited the pyroglutamylpeptidase activity.
Metabolism of thyrotropin releasing hormone in brain extracts. isolation and characterization of an imidopeptidase for histidylprolineamide
(Elsevier, 1979) Matsui, T.; Prasad, C.; Peterkofsky, A.
An extract of porcine brain acetone powder incubated with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; pGlu-His-ProNH2) produces acid TRH (pGlu-His-Pro), histidine, and prolineamide. Fractionation of the brain extract by DEAE-cellulose chromatography produces three protein fractions which metabolize TRH. The activity of these fractions was characterized using TRH with a 3H-label on the histidine or proline as well as [His-3H]His-ProNH2. Fraction I contains pyroglutamate aminopeptidase and Fraction II contains TRH deamidase. Fraction III was found to contain a previously unrecognized enzyme which cleaves His-ProNH2 to histidine and proline. The histidylprolineamide imidopeptidase has been characterized. A competition study using a variety of compounds containing histidine or proline suggests that the best substrates for the imidopeptidase contain a free alpha-amino group on histidine and a blocked carboxyl group on proline, as is found in His-ProNH2. A survey of a variety of polypeptide hormones indicates that many of them inhibit the imidopeptidase activity. A kinetic study of the inhibition of the enzyme by adrenocorticotropic hormone (1-24) shows that the inhibition by polypeptide hormones is noncompetitive. We hypothesize that pituitary hormones may stimulate the production of (cyclo)-His-Pro by inhibiting alternate routes of TRH metabolism.
The subcellular and organ distribution and natural form of histidyl-proline diketopiperazine in rat brain determined by a specific radioimmunoassay
(Elsevier, 1980) Yanagisawa, T.; Prasad, Chandan; Peterkofsky, A.
Histidyl-proline diketopiperazine is produced in brain as a product of the metabolism of thyrotropin-releasing hormone. A number of the previously observed central nervous system and pituitary activities resulting from an exposure to thyrotropin-releasing hormone appear to involve the conversion of the releasing factor to the cyclic dipeptide. In the present study, the development of a rabbit antiserum that is highly specific for histidyl-proline diketopiperazine is described; the antiserum has essentially no capability to bind thyrotropin-releasing hormone or a number of other related peptides. The antibody can also distinguish between the natural form of the cyclic dipeptide and a diastereomer containing D-proline. A procedure for extraction, with high yield, of histidyl-proline diketopiperazine from brain is described. With the aid of the specific antiserum it was found that the preponderance of the cyclic dipeptide in rat brain is bound to high molecular weight material, mainly in the range of Mr = 70,000; histidyl-proline diketopiperazine can be disassociated from this material by boiling in salt/methanol solution. The concentration of the dipeptide in rat brain is in the range of 275 to 565 pmol/brain, approximately 2.5 times the concentrations determined for thyrotropin-releasing hormone (113 to 210 pmol/brain). A study of the subcellular distribution of histidyl-proline diketopiperazine and thyrotropin-releasing hormone suggests that the releasing factor is concentrated in synaptosomal vesicles while the diketopiperazine is not. A determination of the regional distribution of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and histidyl-proline diketopiperazine indicated that both peptides are found in highest concentrations in pituitary and hypothalamus, but are detectable in other areas of brain as well.
Synthesis of phosphatidylcholine from phosphatidylethanolamine by at least two methyltransferases in rat pituitary extracts
(Elsevier, 1981) Prasad, Chandan; Edwards, R.M.
Rat pituitary extracts contain at least two methyltransferases that methylate phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine using S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor. The first enzyme methylates phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine and has a high Km (40-42 microM) for S-adenosylmethionine, whereas the second enzyme(s) catalyzes two successive methylations of phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine to phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine and then to phosphatidylcholine and has a low Km (6.7 microM) for S-adenyl-L-methionine. The first enzyme is loosely bound to the membrane fraction; therefore it appears in both particulate (20,000 X g) and supernatant (20,000 X g) fractions, whereas the second enzyme(s) is tightly bound to the membrane and thus appears only in the particulate fraction. Both methyltransferases have two pH optima of 6.5 and 9.5 (9.5 activity greater than 6.5 activity) and they do not require Mg2+.
Professional esteem of United States occupational therapists
(1989-08) Fader, Patricia
Eccentric/concentric torque deficits in the quadriceps muscle
(The Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy®, Inc. (JOSPT®), 1989-10-01) Trudelle-Jackson, Elaine; Meske, Neil; Highgenboten, Carl; Jackson, Allen
The purpose of the present investigation was to estimate the percentage of asymptomatic subjects who demonstrate an eccentric/concentric torque deficit in leg extension. One hundred and five subjects with a mean age of 23.51 were tested on the KIN-COM® dynamometer for maximum eccentric and concentric torque during leg extension using an 80° range of motion at 50°/sec velocity. The subjects were categorized as demonstrating a deficit if at any point in the range of motion the eccentric torque was 85% or less of the corresponding concentric torque. The results revealed that 35–54% of the subjects, depending upon sex or leg tested, demonstrated a deficit. These results suggest that many asymptomatic individuals possess an eccentric/concentric torque deficit. These findings question the validity of previous clinical research indicating that patients with anterior knee pain tend to possess an eccentric/concentric torque deficit and that correction of the deficit alleviates the pain.
Occupational therapy intervention and aids: developing a beginning research base and functional perspective
(1990-05) Puccetti, Dianna
Defining functional performance in an educational environment
(1991-05) Orr, Catherine
The Community Adaptive Patterns Assessment: its predictive validity and effectiveness as a clinical intervention tool for discharge planning with spinal cord injured patients
(1992-12) Wooton, Marilyn
Lower extremity muscular flexibility in long distance runners
(The Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy®, Inc. (JOSPT®), 1993-02-01) Wang, Sharon; Whitney, Susan; Burdett, Ray; Janosky, Janine
Muscle tightness is often considered to be a predisposing factor in muscle injuries. The purpose of this study was to assess the muscle flexibility of the hamstrings, rectus femoris, iliopsoas, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles in long distance runners. Range of motion measurements of five movements, including hip flexion with knee extended, hip extension with knee flexed, hip extension with knee extended, ankle dorsiflexion with knee extended, and ankle dorsiflexion with knee flexed, were evaluated to determine muscle tightness. Twenty runners and 20 nonrunners volunteered for the study. Each group consisted of 10 males and 10 females. The observed means were compared between runners and nonrunners, males and females, plus the dominant and nondominant leg using a three-way analysis of variance. The runners were found to have tighter hamstrings (p < .05), and soleus (p < .05) muscles than nonrunners. There was no significant difference in rectus femoris and iliopsoas muscle tightness in runners compared with nonrunners. In addition, the males had tighter hamstring muscles than the females in both runners and nonrunners (p < .05). The hamstring muscles of the dominant leg were tighter than the hamstrings of the nondominant leg in all subjects (p < .05). In conclusion, long distance runners appear to have posterior muscle tightnesc in the lower extremity.
The relationship between patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction with nursing care in hospitalized postpartum and medical-surgical patients
(1993-05) Mancuso, Peggy Jean; Hamilton, Patti; Lamers, Kim; Machut, Tina
The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship of satisfaction to dissatisfaction with nursing care among homogeneous patients, represented by postpartum patients, and heterogeneous patients, represented by medical surgical patients of diverse diagnoses, in hospital settings. Data derived from these two samples were used to determine if satisfaction/dissatisfaction is a bipolar concept, or if these two concepts are orthogonal, through confirmatory factor analyses (LISREL). The Revised Risser Patient Satisfaction Scale (54 items, 6 subscales) was distributed to convenience samples of 281 postpartum patients and 263 medical-surgical patients, who had received dismissal orders from their physicians. Data from both samples indicated Cronbach's alpha values ranged from.83 to.96 for the six subscales. Subscale-subscale correlations ranged from.40 to.87. The lower subscale-subscale correlations involved the education subscales. Principle components analysis with varimax rotation indicated a similar three-factor solution for both samples. Factor 1 was composed negative items, and was labeled "dissatisfaction." Factor 2 was composed of positive items, and was labeled "satisfaction." Factor 3 was composed of a mixture of items, and was labeled "mixed behaviors." When principle components analysis with oblique rotation was repeated using data sets which deleted marginal items, Factor 3 disappeared from the homogeneous sample. With the heterogeneous sample, Factor 3 was retained, and consisted of items from the education positive subscale and the trust positive subscale. Multivariate analysis of variance comparing the two samples revealed no statistically significant differences in subscale values. The differences between the education subscales produced the largest F value ($F = 2.642, p = .10$). Confirmatory factor analyses, with sequential model modifications, were performed on data from the two samples. A model of the orthogonal relationship of satisfaction to dissatisfaction (with the technical-professional and trust domains and correlated technical-professional error terms) perfectly fit data obtained from both samples (chi-square = 0, goodness of fit = 1). Confirmatory factor analysis did not support inclusion of the education subscales as a conceptual component of satisfaction or dissatisfaction. The two samples differed in their response to the education subscales. Deletion of the education subscale substantially improved the goodness of fit of the heterogeneous sample model. Correlation of the error terms of the technical-professional subscales substantially improved the goodness of fit of the homogeneous sample model.
Phenomenologic study: Inner strength in women with breast cancer
(1993-12) Roux, Gayle M.; Keyser, Patsy K.; Drapo, Peggy J.; Hughes, Oneida
Significance. This phenomenologic study generated descriptions of inner strength in women with the diagnoses of breast cancer. These descriptions will help nurses devise effective strategies to assist women coping with the demands of living a healthy lifestyle along with the uncertainty of their diagnoses. Breast cancer, as a disease, is widely studied. However, little is known about the development of inner strength and the woman's experiences that includes her conscious reactions to living with breast cancer as part of her health. Theoretical touchstone. Newman's (1986) existing theory of health as expanding consciousness served as a theoretical touchstone for the findings. Newman's theory was particularly useful because it conceptualizes breast cancer as a meaningful part of the health of these women. Methodology. Qualitative research using a postmodern feminist phenomenological approach was utilized for this study. Data were generated using unstructured interviews. Colaizzi's (1978) method of data analysis was used in the study to analyze the audiotapes and written transcripts. A review of scholarly and fictional literature was done after the data analysis. The criteria of rigor commonly associated with scientific inquiry was performed according to Sandelowski's (1986) method for achieving auditability and credibility. Participants. The 18 participants ranged in age from 35 to 72, with a mean age of 52. The time range since diagnosis of breast cancer was 6 months to 20 years. The participants had varied treatment procedures, including lumpectomy, mastectomy and bone marrow transplant. Findings. Based on a qualitative analysis, four themes emerged related to describing the participant's experience of inner strength in living with breast cancer. All of the participants described a feeling process of knowing and accepting they had breast cancer: Coming to Know. This seemed to lay the foundation for them to begin developing the strength needed to live a full and positive life. The participants made statements about their personality characteristics and the manner in which they dealt with things that personified a feisty, positive, playful and reflective self: Strength Within of She Who Knows. Relatedness to others, self and God encompassed the third theme: Connection of She Who Knows. Having supportive family and friends, giving others a chance to show caring, and feeling God's presence were mentioned by the participants. The fourth theme that emerged, Movement of She Who Knows, personified the inner strength moving, exchanging, harmonizing, and facilitating desired change.
Interdevice reliability and validity assessment of the Nicholas Hand-Held Dynamometer
(The Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy®, Inc. (JOSPT®), 1994-12-01) Trudelle-Jackson, Elaine; Jackson, Allen; Frankowski, Carolyn; Long, Kara; Meske, Neil
The Nicholas Hand-Held Dynamometer (HHD) has been shown to have excellent interday and intraday reliability when using the same HHD. Since clinics may haw more than one HHD with which to evaluate patients, it would be of value to know if two identical HHDs measure the same variable consistently. The purpose of this investigation was to assess interdevice reliability of the Nicholas HHD as well as to determine its validity. Thirty healthy female subjects between the ages of 20 and 56 years () were tested for hamstring strength. Three measurements of maximum hamstring contractions were obtained using the first HHD (Device A). The average of these three measurements was compared with the average of three measurements obtained after a brief rest using a second HHD (Device B). Measurements from the two HHDs were also compared with measurements obtained from a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer. The Kin-Com measurements were used as criteria to determine validity of the HHD. An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) calculated to determine reliability between the two HHDs was low (ICC = .58). Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated between the Kin-Com and each of the two HHDs. These values were .85 and .83 for Device A and B, respectively. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference between the Kin-Com and Device A but a significant difference between the Kin-Com and Device B(p < .001). Measurements obtained from two identical HHDs may be significantly different and should not be compared.
Impact of dysphagia on nutritional status in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(1995-08) Calvin, Sandra

Browse

Browsing Scholarly Works by Issue Date