College of Health Sciences

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A biomechanical comparison of successful and unsuccessful triple-turn pirouette en dehors trials in ballet
(1/9/2019) Kim, Jemin; Kwon, Young-Hoo
Pirouette en dehors is a turn in which the dancer's body rotates and completes at least one full revolution with one foot on the floor. It is considered difficult to learn and perform in classical ballet. The purpose of this study was to identify biomechanical kinetic differences between the successful- and unsuccessful-trials groups in triple turn pirouette en dehors motion. It was hypothesized that the successful trials group would have larger longitudinal whole body angular momentum (AM), pivoting moment (PM) and ground reaction force moment (GRFM) than the unsuccessful trials group. Forty skilled collegiate or professional classic ballet dancers (11 males and 29 females) were recruited for this study. The participants were divided into two groups based on their successful and unsuccessful trials. Selected variables were computed through a seven-camera (Qualisys-three-dimensional) motion capture system (250 Hz) and two force-plates (Kistler-2500Hz), with 48 reflective markers. The data was imported into the Kwon3D (5.0) motion analysis software for subsequent data processing. Three MANOVA (SPSS 25.0) were used to compare the dependent variables between successful trials group and unsuccessful trials group conditions (each MANOVA was set p < .025). The first MANOVA was completed to compare all primary variables. The second MANOVA was performed to compare expannatory variables. The peak longitudinal AM, AM generation rate, and peak combined PM, gesture foot PM at TPM (time of peak PM) and gesture foot horizontal GRF at TPM were significantly different between the successful- and unsuccessful-trials groups. The successful trials group was characterized by larger whole body longitudinal AM, AM generation rate and peak PM, meaning this group demonstrated superiority in the generation of angular motion. The unsuccessful trials group had an inefficient double-to-single stance phase for the kinetic variables which caused unsuccessful triple turn pirouette en dehors motion. While peak PM is lower for the unsuccessful trials group, a loss of whole body AM and AM rate creates a failed motion. Kinetics plays a major role in the performance of the triple-turn pirouette en dehors. Further investigation to compare kinematic variables for successful- and unsuccessful- trials group is warranted.
A comparison of overall function between postpartum women with and without diastasis rectus abdominis (DRA)
(May 2023) Celso, Jennifer E 1975-; Wang-Price, Sharon; Weber, Mark; Brizzolara, Kelli
Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to examine whether the Inventory of Functional Status after Childbirth (IFSAC) questionnaire could identify deficiencies in overall function of postpartum women with diastasis rectus abdominis (DRA). Specifically, the IFSAC scores were compared between postpartum women with and without DRA. The secondary purpose of the study was to determine the reliability and construct validity of a self-palpation assessment of inter-rectus distance (IRD) via telehealth instruction for diagnosing DRA. Methods: Twenty-one women, 610 weeks after vaginal delivery, completed the study. All participants completed the IFSAC questionnaire before a telehealth visit and an in-person visit for DRA diagnosis. To determine the within-session intrarater reliability of the telehealth-instructed self-palpation assessment of IRD for DRA diagnosis, each participant completed the self-palpation assessment twice during the telehealth visit. To determine the between-day intrarater reliability of the self-palpation method for DRA diagnosis, each participant completed another self-palpation assessment during the in-person visit. During the in-person visit, DRA diagnoses made by ultrasonographic assessment of IRD were used to determine the construct validity of the self-palpation method. Each participant was assigned to the DRA group or no DRA group using the DRA diagnosis made by ultrasonography. Results: Although participants with DRA (n = 10) reported a slightly lower total IFSCA score (median = 3.28) than those without DRA (n = 6; median = 3.46), there were no statistically significant differences in scores between the two groups (p = 0.635). The reliability analysis showed a moderate-to-substantial agreement of DRA diagnosis for both the within-session intrarater reliability and between-day intrarater reliability with k = 0.76 and k = 0.50, respectively. For construct validity, there was no or poor (k = -0.290.36) agreement between the self-palpation assessment via telehealth and ultrasound assessments for DRA diagnosis. Conclusion: The results indicates that the IFSAC questionnaire may not be an adequate outcome measure to determine functional levels for postpartum women with DRA. Although telehealth-instructed self-palpation assessment for DRA diagnosis is reliable, this method does not appear to be valid. This suggests that DRA diagnosis for postpartum women should be assessed in-person by qualified clinicians.
A comparison of the attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge of nutrigenomics between dietetic students in the USA and Mexico
(2/5/2019) VanBuren, Christine A.; Imrhan, Victorine; Prasad, Chandan
The purpose of this study was to compare nutrition/dietetic students from Texas Woman’s University (TWU) and Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) in respect to their perceived need, interest, and knowledge of different topics within nutritional genomics. A nutritional genomics survey was administered to students at UANL and compared to students at TWU that had taken the survey as part of a previous study. The data was analyzed using chi-square test of homogeneity and Fisher’s exact test. The results showed that students from TWU and UANL differed from each other in their knowledge level, desire to learn more, and perceived need for ‘omic’ technologies. Both TWU and UANL students lack a high level of knowledge about different ‘omic’ topics but recognize the important role that ‘omics’ will play in their future careers as dietitians.
A light in the flame: Perceived burnout among underrepresented minority physician assistant educators in the United States
(7/12/2021) Sturges, Daytheon; Massey-Stokes, Marilyn
There is a keen interest surrounding burnout in academic medicine with an existing need for more studies regarding the subject (Dandar et al., 2019). The priority population for this study were underrepresented minority (URM) physician assistant (PA) educators in the United States. The purpose was to determine external and internal contributors that lead to perceived burnout, as well as to investigate if primary and secondary appraisal inform burnout coping strategies. The study also sought to determine if there was an existing relationship between demographic factors (gender, age, self-identified race, faculty role, and “years in faculty position”) and emotional exhaustion (EE). This study employed a mixed-methods research design using a convenience sample representative of URM PA educators from across the United States (n = 101). For the quantitative portion of the study, the participants completed a demographics survey and the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Educators Survey from which their average EE score was calculated. For the qualitative portion of the study, 11 participants were interviewed to identify burnout perception, burnout contributors, and burnout coping strategies. An independent samples t test, Pearson’s r correlation, multiple linear regression, and one-way analysis of variances were used to determine the relationship between demographic variables and EE. Qualitative data were analyzed by categorizing the findings into codes and organizing the themes into parent nodes. Data analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between gender and EE. This relationship demonstrated that women URM PA educators experience burnout at increased rates compared to men URM PA educators. There were no statistically significant relationships between age (r = .015, R2 = .000225, p = .883), self-identified race (F (1, 98) = .108, p = .744, η2 = .001), faculty role (F (1, 97) = 3.09, p = .082, η2 = .031), and “years in faculty position” and EE (F (1, 99) = .271, p = .604, η2 = .003). The overall predictive model of the demographic variables and EE score was not statistically significant (F(5, 92) = 1.859, p = .109, R2 = .092, adjusted R2 = 0.042). The qualitative data offered insight into burnout perception, contributors, coping strategies, current institutional and programmatic burnout strategies, suggested institutional and programmatic burnout strategies, common occupational stressors, initial responses to occupational stressors, and overall experiences of URM PA educators. Study results yielded insight regarding burnout perception among URM PA educators in the United States. In turn, these findings can be used to inform future health education interventions aimed at preventing burnout among URM PA educators.
A mixed method analysis of the role of balance outcome measures in therapist decision-making and patient outcomes
(10/30/2020) Lyon, Marissa F; GLEESON, PEGGY B
The purpose of these three studies was to assess the impact of using outcome measures on physical therapists' decision-making and patient functional outcomes. Three hundred thirty-seven physical therapists completed an online survey focused on their use of outcome measures and their relationship with decision-making for patients with acquired brain injury. Physical therapists reported that the use of outcome measures frequently impacted decision-making in estimating prognosis, identifying a patient's risk for adverse events, setting goals, communicating, educating, making discharge decisions, and selecting treatment interventions. Twenty-three physical therapists participated in semi-structured interviews focused on outcome measures' impact on decision-making and patient outcomes. Therapists indicated that outcome measures played a large role in clinical decisions, and a majority reported they believed there was a relationship between outcome measures and patient outcomes. Finally, eight physical therapists (PTs) and physical therapist assistants (PTAs) participated in a knowledge translation intervention focused on outcome measures. Patients treated by these therapists demonstrated significantly better ambulation ability and participated in significantly fewer minutes of physical therapy compared to patients treated by six PTs and PTAs who did not participate in an educational intervention.
A mixed methods analysis of empowerment and satisfaction in parents of children with disabilities receiving outpatient rehabilitation
(2022-12-01T06:00:00.000Z) Bressler, May; Thompson, Mary; Medley, Ann; Poskey, Gail; Simpkins, Susan
The purpose of this study was to examine the perspectives of parents of children with disabilities on family-centered care, family empowerment, and satisfaction of care in North Texas outpatient clinics using an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. In the quantitative phase, parents (a) rated the extent of family-centered care provided by their child’s service provider using the Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC-20), (b) completed the Family Empowerment Scale as a measure of their perceptions of their empowerment levels, and (c) assessed their overall satisfaction with services using the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8). Three separate multiple regressions examined if any of the five domains of the MPOC-20 predicted empowerment at the family level, empowerment at the service system level, and satisfaction of care. Using maximum variation sampling, a subset of the subjects was selected to participate in the qualitative phase where semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore specific behaviors of service providers that contribute to empowerment and satisfaction of care. Survey response rate was 35.6%. Quantitative data analysis found family-level empowerment was predicted by two factors: providing general and specific information. Similarly, service system level empowerment was predicted by providing general and specific information, with the addition of coordinated and comprehensive care. Satisfaction of care was predicted by two factors: providing specific information and respectful and supportive care. Qualitative interviews revealed service providers offering knowledge, skills, resources, and emotional support to mothers appear to be a catalyst for the process of empowerment. Satisfaction of care was impacted by three factors relating to (a) child, (b) structure including the setting and environment, and (c) service provider (connection, communication, commitment). Service providers offering mothers individualized knowledge of their children and activities, and providing emotional support were the common behaviors that led to both empowerment and satisfaction of care. Service providers need to effectively communicate individualized knowledge of the child and activities and have adequate interpersonal skills to create a supportive environment for mothers. Pediatric health care organizations can utilize this information to advance a family-centered environment by tackling any identified system level barriers to providing family-centered care.
A strengths-based cognitive approach to enhancing occupational performance and self-efficacy in individuals with Schizophrenia
(5/14/2020) Linkie, Christine A.; Evetts, Cynthia L.
OBJECTIVE: People with schizophrenia have functional challenges related to cognitive impairments and decreased self-efficacy. Strengths-based approaches to rehabilitation are recommended, but such approaches are not well-defined or widely researched. This dissertation study investigated a strengths-based cognitive prompting intervention to improve occupational performance and self-efficacy in people with schizophrenia. METHODOLOGY: Five members of a community-based psychiatric rehabilitation services (PRS) program participated in this mixed methods study. Their goals came from individual rehabilitation plans (IRPs). Strengths were gleaned from an assessment protocol guided by the cognitive functional evaluation (CFE) process. Tests included the BLERT, BRIEF-A, BPRS-E, CTMT, EFPT, GSE, HT, and SWL; results were analyzed using quantitative methods. Single-case design with multiple baselines used the MOHOST as the repeated measure of occupational performance. Qualitative methods included a focus group and individual interviews to understand participants’ lived experience of the intervention and assessment protocol. RESULTS: Single-case design showed an overall small intervention effect (d = .26) with varying results among individual participants and MOHOST domains. Analyses point toward relationships between variables of occupational performance, cognitive skills, and life satisfaction post-intervention. Participants reported a positive experience of the intervention and of the assessment protocol, improved self-confidence, and increased use of strengths for more successful occupational performance. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study showed initial support for the strengths-based cognitive prompting intervention. In addition, the study demonstrated that an assessment protocol that uses CFE guidelines and facilitates individuals’ understanding of the relationship between functioning and assessment results is meaningful to individuals. This study has implications for further development of the intervention and assessment protocol and for integrating the intervention into cognitive remediation for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
A survey of the occupational therapist's perceived role in mental health programs of the 1970s
(1978-05) Raffen, Eleanor
Ability of students in food and nutrition related fields to perceive phenylthiocarbamide (PTC)
(1998-12) Coulter, Monica
Acceptability of food products containing almond oil in place of soybean oil
(2005-12) Kier, Megan
The effect of replacing soybean oil (SBO) with almond oil (AO) on the hedonic characteristics (appearance, taste, texture, and overall likeability) of four products (carrot muffins, bread, cornbread, and chocolate chip cookies) was determined in 71 participants (40 female; 30 male). A split plot factorial analysis of variance design was used to avoid order effects. Products were rated on a nine-point hedonic scale (1 = Dislike Extremely; 9 = Like Extremely). With the exception of the values for texture, taste, and overall likeability for bread (for which values were significantly [p < .05] higher for the AO than the SBO product), there were no significant between-product differences. Gender had no effect on product rating. For both sets of products, the ranking from the highest (4) to lowest (1), using values for overall likeability was: cookies (4); muffins (3); cornbread (2); and bread (1). Thus, replacement of SBO with AO had no appreciable effect on the assessed hedonic characteristics for either gender or on within set, or oil type, ranking.
The acceptability of snack chips fortified with calcium carbonate
(1978-08) Harvey, Elizabeth Adele; Alford, Betty; Shepherd, Irma; Brown, Wilma A.
Acceptability of snack foods prepared especially for elderly diabetics
(1981-12) Wedgwood, Ann Marie; Brown, Wilma; Shanklin, Carol; Reber, Elwood
Acceptability of yeast breads prepared with varying methods of fermentation and baking
(Texas Woman's University, 1982-08) Gould, Rebecca Ann Matocha
Acceptance of modified low glycemic index diet foods by severely obese Mexican or Mexican American girls ages 12-19
(2009-12) Matamoros, Rebeca; Moreland, Karen; Wiemann, Constance; Bush, Rose
One of the most common health problems facing America's youth today is obesity. There are many different approaches being used in order to aid adolescents and children with weight loss. One of these approaches is the modified low glycemic index (LGI) diet. The purpose of this study was to identify the acceptability of incorporating modified LGI diet foods into the diets of Mexican/Mexican-American severely obese adolescent girls ages 12 to 19 years by examining the home, school, after school, and work environments of 20 English speaking only or bilingual families. This was accomplished through qualitative analysis of in-home interviews conducted with the adolescent and her family. Participants' responses were divided among the tenets of the modified LGI and the acceptability also varied greatly across the families interviewed. In conclusion, the modified LGI diet might be acceptable among severely obese Mexican/Mexican American girls if more education is provided to the families.
Acceptance of pizza crust prepared with a combination of flours
(Texas Woman's University, 1982-12) Natividad, Jesusa S.,
Access versus attitude: Determining influences on fruit and vegetable intake of fifth grade students
(6/10/2019) Gardner, Julie G; Golman, Mandy
Obesity rates are at the highest ever with 39.8% of American adults and 18.5% of Americans aged 6 to 19 years considered obese (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2018a; CDC, 2018c; Hales, Carroll, Fryar, & Ogden, 2017). Obesity is a serious health concern that increases the risk for chronic disease as well as psychological issues (CDC, 2018c; Dauchet, Amouyel, Hercberg, & Dallongville, 2006; Litwin, 2014). Improved fruit and vegetable intake reduces risk for weight gain; however, many Americans fail to get the recommended daily intake (World Health Organization [WHO], 2014). Additionally, a person’s positive attitude toward consumption, as well as access to healthy foods impacts eating habits and patterns. This study examined the school-based intervention Grow into Health (GIH) and its attempt to improve fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. The study examined how attitude and perceptions of access to healthy foods may affect FV intake. Over 700 students participated in the intervention. This study utilized pre- and post-survey data to analyze the intervention, attitude, and perceptions of access as predictors of improved FV intake. Although, the program was designed to improve knowledge and behavior related to fruit and vegetable consumption, analysis of the data found no statistically significant impact which provides opportunity for future researchers to learn. School-based interventions should include a comprehensive approach which should be long term and involve educational, environmental, and physical strategies (Brown et al., 2016). The strategies must include input from a comprehensive personnel team including classroom teachers, family members, and student support systems (Brown et al., 2016; Mahmood, Perveen, Dino, & Mehraj, 2014; Mei et al., 2016; Mukamana & Johri, 2016). The GIH intervention was restricted by internal and external limitations which contributed to the absence of statistical significance. Researchers should invest time in survey design and intervention planning to better understand content, evaluation and data analysis to improve program efficiency and outcomes.
Accessibility of physician services to Medicare and Medicaid recipients in Denton, Texas
(8/30/1993) Chastain, Carol Ann; Ward, Susan E.; Baker, Judith; Cissell, William B.
In 1965, the Congress of the United States enacted Title XVIII and Title XIX of the Social Security Amendment Act. This was the formal beginning of Medicare and Medicaid, programs established to provide health care for the elderly and the impoverished, two of the most vulnerable groups in society. The system was designed to provide health care without discrimination. The purpose of this study was to determine which physicians in Denton, Texas would accept Medicare and Medicaid patients, their policies on assignment, and office accessibility to handicapped patients. The study, using a descriptive survey method of research, with a mailed questionnaire, and telephone follow up of non-respondents, realized a 97% response. Results were analyzed in two ways, by total sample and by specialty. Analysis by total sample appeared to demonstrate a fairly favorable physician attitude toward Medicare and Medicaid recipients. The pattern seemed to change significantly when data was analyzed by physician specialty group.
Accuracy of letter reproduction using video modeling versus in vivo modeling in children with autism
(2009-05) Acevedo, Ivette; Candler, Catherine; Neville, Marsha
This study was designed to explore which modeling approach, in vivo or video would develop accuracy on letter imitation in children with autism. A multiple baseline AB design across participants was used. The independent variable was video modeling utilizing the Alphamation handwriting video. Accuracy of letter imitation of the different participants was the dependent variable. Each participant was asked to copy a letter that was randomly selected from a pool of unlearned letters. In vivo modeling as the traditional and generalized approach for teaching handwriting skills served as baseline. The three participants were randomly assigned to 3, 5, or 7 baseline sessions. Results suggested no advantages to video modeling. There were variable trends associated with the introduction of video modeling within participant or across participants on the accuracy of letter imitation. The celeretion line test indicated no statistical significance change at the .5 level on the accuracy of letter imitation in children with autism with the introduction of the video.
Accuracy of water delivery in enteral nutrition pumps
(10/3/2018) Toth, Erin Jade; Patterson, Mindy A.
Background: Adequate delivery of both enteral formula and water in patients receiving enteral nutrition (EN) is critical in illness recovery and maintaining hydration status. Pump malfunction has recently been identified as a factor that impedes enteral formula delivery, however rarely is inadequate enteral water delivery investigated. The purpose of this study was to explore the accuracy of delivering 1 L of water by EN pumps using different flush volumes and hang heights. Methods: Three EN pumps were used in vitro to flush 1 L of water at 50 mL per hour for 20 hours and 500 mL every 4 hours for 8 hours, at 0” and 18” hang heights. Fifteen test runs were conducted at each volume and hang height per pump. Actual delivered enteral water, remaining volume in feed bags, and volume reported by the pump were recorded. Results: Hang height of 18” delivered a mean 3.91% (95% CI, 3.25 to 4.57) more water than bags hung at 0” (p < 0.0005). When delivering water in 500 mL increments, 1.57% (95% CI, 0.92 to 2.23) more water was delivered than when delivered in 50 mL increments (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Appropriate hang height recommendations improve enteral water delivery in patients receiving EN. The most accurate setting was 500 mL at 18”, resulting in adequate delivery in 97.8% of the test runs, while 50 mL at 0” delivered adequately 17.8% of the time. More research is needed to understand the implications of inadequate water delivery caused by EN pump inaccuracy.
Actual and self-perceived knowledge of health care providers regarding Southeast Asian health-related communication styles and cultural beliefs
(12/30/1992) Greer, Ruth Elaine; Kaplan, Leah E.; Ward, Susan; Cissell, William B.
The purpose of the study was to examine health care providers' self perceptions of their effectiveness when providing health care to Southeast Asian adults as related to their knowledge concerning Southeast Asians' communication styles and cultural beliefs about health. The population consisted of 30 professional health care providers employed at either the East Dallas Health Center or the Dallas Memorial Hospital Clinic located in Dallas, Texas. The questionnaire was administered in June 1992. The Pearson product-moment correlations were used to determine whether relationships existed between the knowledge of Southeast Asian communication styles and cultural beliefs and the providers' self-perceptions of effectiveness when providing health care to Southeast Asian adults. Overall results revealed no significant relationship between the objective and subjective measures of the knowledge of health care providers regarding Southeast Asian communication styles; no significant relationship between objective and subjective measures of the knowledge of health care providers regarding Southeast Asian cultural beliefs about health, and that health care providers' self-perceived effectiveness when providing health care to Southeast Asian adults is not related significantly to their knowledge concerning either Southeast Asian communication styles or cultural beliefs about health.

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