School of Health Promotion & Kinesiology
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Item A biomechanical comparison of successful and unsuccessful triple-turn pirouette en dehors trials in ballet(1/9/2019) Kim, Jemin; Kwon, Young-HooPirouette en dehors is a turn in which the dancer's body rotates and completes at least one full revolution with one foot on the floor. It is considered difficult to learn and perform in classical ballet. The purpose of this study was to identify biomechanical kinetic differences between the successful- and unsuccessful-trials groups in triple turn pirouette en dehors motion. It was hypothesized that the successful trials group would have larger longitudinal whole body angular momentum (AM), pivoting moment (PM) and ground reaction force moment (GRFM) than the unsuccessful trials group. Forty skilled collegiate or professional classic ballet dancers (11 males and 29 females) were recruited for this study. The participants were divided into two groups based on their successful and unsuccessful trials. Selected variables were computed through a seven-camera (Qualisys-three-dimensional) motion capture system (250 Hz) and two force-plates (Kistler-2500Hz), with 48 reflective markers. The data was imported into the Kwon3D (5.0) motion analysis software for subsequent data processing. Three MANOVA (SPSS 25.0) were used to compare the dependent variables between successful trials group and unsuccessful trials group conditions (each MANOVA was set p < .025). The first MANOVA was completed to compare all primary variables. The second MANOVA was performed to compare expannatory variables. The peak longitudinal AM, AM generation rate, and peak combined PM, gesture foot PM at TPM (time of peak PM) and gesture foot horizontal GRF at TPM were significantly different between the successful- and unsuccessful-trials groups. The successful trials group was characterized by larger whole body longitudinal AM, AM generation rate and peak PM, meaning this group demonstrated superiority in the generation of angular motion. The unsuccessful trials group had an inefficient double-to-single stance phase for the kinetic variables which caused unsuccessful triple turn pirouette en dehors motion. While peak PM is lower for the unsuccessful trials group, a loss of whole body AM and AM rate creates a failed motion. Kinetics plays a major role in the performance of the triple-turn pirouette en dehors. Further investigation to compare kinematic variables for successful- and unsuccessful- trials group is warranted.Item A light in the flame: Perceived burnout among underrepresented minority physician assistant educators in the United States(7/12/2021) Sturges, Daytheon; Massey-Stokes, MarilynThere is a keen interest surrounding burnout in academic medicine with an existing need for more studies regarding the subject (Dandar et al., 2019). The priority population for this study were underrepresented minority (URM) physician assistant (PA) educators in the United States. The purpose was to determine external and internal contributors that lead to perceived burnout, as well as to investigate if primary and secondary appraisal inform burnout coping strategies. The study also sought to determine if there was an existing relationship between demographic factors (gender, age, self-identified race, faculty role, and “years in faculty position”) and emotional exhaustion (EE). This study employed a mixed-methods research design using a convenience sample representative of URM PA educators from across the United States (n = 101). For the quantitative portion of the study, the participants completed a demographics survey and the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Educators Survey from which their average EE score was calculated. For the qualitative portion of the study, 11 participants were interviewed to identify burnout perception, burnout contributors, and burnout coping strategies. An independent samples t test, Pearson’s r correlation, multiple linear regression, and one-way analysis of variances were used to determine the relationship between demographic variables and EE. Qualitative data were analyzed by categorizing the findings into codes and organizing the themes into parent nodes. Data analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between gender and EE. This relationship demonstrated that women URM PA educators experience burnout at increased rates compared to men URM PA educators. There were no statistically significant relationships between age (r = .015, R2 = .000225, p = .883), self-identified race (F (1, 98) = .108, p = .744, η2 = .001), faculty role (F (1, 97) = 3.09, p = .082, η2 = .031), and “years in faculty position” and EE (F (1, 99) = .271, p = .604, η2 = .003). The overall predictive model of the demographic variables and EE score was not statistically significant (F(5, 92) = 1.859, p = .109, R2 = .092, adjusted R2 = 0.042). The qualitative data offered insight into burnout perception, contributors, coping strategies, current institutional and programmatic burnout strategies, suggested institutional and programmatic burnout strategies, common occupational stressors, initial responses to occupational stressors, and overall experiences of URM PA educators. Study results yielded insight regarding burnout perception among URM PA educators in the United States. In turn, these findings can be used to inform future health education interventions aimed at preventing burnout among URM PA educators.Item Access versus attitude: Determining influences on fruit and vegetable intake of fifth grade students(6/10/2019) Gardner, Julie G; Golman, MandyObesity rates are at the highest ever with 39.8% of American adults and 18.5% of Americans aged 6 to 19 years considered obese (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2018a; CDC, 2018c; Hales, Carroll, Fryar, & Ogden, 2017). Obesity is a serious health concern that increases the risk for chronic disease as well as psychological issues (CDC, 2018c; Dauchet, Amouyel, Hercberg, & Dallongville, 2006; Litwin, 2014). Improved fruit and vegetable intake reduces risk for weight gain; however, many Americans fail to get the recommended daily intake (World Health Organization [WHO], 2014). Additionally, a person’s positive attitude toward consumption, as well as access to healthy foods impacts eating habits and patterns. This study examined the school-based intervention Grow into Health (GIH) and its attempt to improve fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. The study examined how attitude and perceptions of access to healthy foods may affect FV intake. Over 700 students participated in the intervention. This study utilized pre- and post-survey data to analyze the intervention, attitude, and perceptions of access as predictors of improved FV intake. Although, the program was designed to improve knowledge and behavior related to fruit and vegetable consumption, analysis of the data found no statistically significant impact which provides opportunity for future researchers to learn. School-based interventions should include a comprehensive approach which should be long term and involve educational, environmental, and physical strategies (Brown et al., 2016). The strategies must include input from a comprehensive personnel team including classroom teachers, family members, and student support systems (Brown et al., 2016; Mahmood, Perveen, Dino, & Mehraj, 2014; Mei et al., 2016; Mukamana & Johri, 2016). The GIH intervention was restricted by internal and external limitations which contributed to the absence of statistical significance. Researchers should invest time in survey design and intervention planning to better understand content, evaluation and data analysis to improve program efficiency and outcomes.Item Accessibility of physician services to Medicare and Medicaid recipients in Denton, Texas(8/30/1993) Chastain, Carol Ann; Ward, Susan E.; Baker, Judith; Cissell, William B.In 1965, the Congress of the United States enacted Title XVIII and Title XIX of the Social Security Amendment Act. This was the formal beginning of Medicare and Medicaid, programs established to provide health care for the elderly and the impoverished, two of the most vulnerable groups in society. The system was designed to provide health care without discrimination. The purpose of this study was to determine which physicians in Denton, Texas would accept Medicare and Medicaid patients, their policies on assignment, and office accessibility to handicapped patients. The study, using a descriptive survey method of research, with a mailed questionnaire, and telephone follow up of non-respondents, realized a 97% response. Results were analyzed in two ways, by total sample and by specialty. Analysis by total sample appeared to demonstrate a fairly favorable physician attitude toward Medicare and Medicaid recipients. The pattern seemed to change significantly when data was analyzed by physician specialty group.Item Actual and self-perceived knowledge of health care providers regarding Southeast Asian health-related communication styles and cultural beliefs(12/30/1992) Greer, Ruth Elaine; Kaplan, Leah E.; Ward, Susan; Cissell, William B.The purpose of the study was to examine health care providers' self perceptions of their effectiveness when providing health care to Southeast Asian adults as related to their knowledge concerning Southeast Asians' communication styles and cultural beliefs about health. The population consisted of 30 professional health care providers employed at either the East Dallas Health Center or the Dallas Memorial Hospital Clinic located in Dallas, Texas. The questionnaire was administered in June 1992. The Pearson product-moment correlations were used to determine whether relationships existed between the knowledge of Southeast Asian communication styles and cultural beliefs and the providers' self-perceptions of effectiveness when providing health care to Southeast Asian adults. Overall results revealed no significant relationship between the objective and subjective measures of the knowledge of health care providers regarding Southeast Asian communication styles; no significant relationship between objective and subjective measures of the knowledge of health care providers regarding Southeast Asian cultural beliefs about health, and that health care providers' self-perceived effectiveness when providing health care to Southeast Asian adults is not related significantly to their knowledge concerning either Southeast Asian communication styles or cultural beliefs about health.Item Acute effects of concurrent exercise on biomarkers of angiogenesis and cardioprotection in sedentary adults(8/19/2019) Brisebois, Matthew F.; Rigby, B. Rhett; Duplanty, Anthony A.It is recommended that adults perform a combination of resistance and aerobic exercise, or concurrent exercise, to optimize health and fitness. However, the precise pattern of concurrent exercise to maximize health and fitness benefits remains elusive. The purpose of this study was to compare biomarkers of angiogenesis and cardioprotection in response to integrated and serial concurrent exercise (CE) sessions in young, sedentary adults. Seven males (mean ± SD age: 27.1 ± 4.4 yrs; BMI: 24.9 ± 3.7 kg/m2; VO2max: 31.1 ± 3.3 ml/kg/min) and four females (mean ± SD age: 22.0 ± 1.2 yrs; BMI: 24.0 ± 2.2 kg/m2; VO2max: 27.5 ± 3.6 ml/kg/min) who were healthy and not performing regular structured physical activity performed acute sessions of serial CE and integrated CE. During serial CE, participants performed resistance exercise and aerobic exercise within the same session, without mixing the two. During integrated CE, participants performed a brief period of aerobic-type exercise before each set of resistance exercise. The exercise sessions were matched for time and volume, and differed only in the order of exercises performed. The exercise sessions were randomly assigned and separated by at least 3 weeks. Concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and expression of circulating microRNAs (c-miR) -126 and -222 were assessed from blood collected before exercise (PRE), immediately post-exercise (IP), 1 hr post-exercise, and 3 hr post-exercise. Males and females were analyzed separately. There were no significant changes in VEGF in males or females. Circulating miR-126 significantly increased from PRE to IP for males following both serial CE (p = .036) and integrated CE (p = .018). Circulating miR-222 significantly increased from Pre to IP in males following integrated CE (p = .028) but not serial CE. There were no significant changes in c-miR-126 or -222 in the females; however, two of the four females demonstrated an increased expression of c-miR-126 and -222 following both exercise patterns, with an apparent greater increase following integrated CE. In conclusion, both patterns of CE resulted in significantly increased levels of miR-126 in males, and only integrated CE resulted in significantly increased levels of miR-222 in males. Both exercise patterns may result in enhanced expression of miR-126 in young, sedentary males, and an integrated CE pattern may result in enhanced expression of miR-222 in young, sedentary males.Item Acute effects of high-intensity interval exercise vs. concurrent exercise on flow-mediated dilation in college-aged women(10/30/2019) Allen, Ashley N.; Rigby, B. RhettHeart disease is the leading cause of female mortality worldwide. As a treatment, exercise can improve cardiac and endothelial function, increase bone mineral density, promote lean muscle mass, and improve pulmonary function. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two different modes of exercise on flow mediated dilation in the brachial artery in college-aged women. Ten recreationally active women were assigned to either a high intensity interval group (HT) or a group who completed strength exercises and high intensity interval exercise, called the concurrent exercise group (CT). Measurements of flow mediated dilation (i.e., the hyperemic response of a blood vessel post occlusion) were taken at baseline, after one workout session, and after three workout sessions. There were no differences for FDM% or brachial artery diameter across all time points for either training protocol. Neither a combination of high-intensity interval exercise and resistance exercise or high-intensity interval exercise alone acutely led to structural or functional changes in the brachial artery in recreationally active healthy young women.Item The acute effects of l-Leucine and l-Isoleucine on glycemic responses in healthy and inactive adults(12/30/2016) Newmire, Daniel; Ben-Ezra, Victor; DiMarco, Nancy M.; Nichols, David L., Ph. D.The ingestion of whey protein or insulinogenic amino acids (AA) with a CHO drink has been shown to blunt the elevated post-prandial glucose response. It has been suggested that AA may facilitate secretion of hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) that are 50-70% responsible for regulating insulin secretion. The purpose of this study was to examine the “priming” effect of pre-ingested L-Isoleucine (ISO) and L-Leucine (LEU) on glucose metabolism and glycemic hormones in healthy, inactive adults. We hypothesized that preingested ISO and LEU would diminish the post prandial rise in glucose prior to a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and have minimal effect on enteroendocrine hormone secretion. To test this, 12 healthy adults (Females: n = 6, males: n = 6, Age 27.39 ± 2.05 year; height 167.42 ± 2.23 cm; weight 77.77 ± 3.73 kg; BMI 26.30 ± 2.14 kg/m2; lean bodymass [LBM] 53.20 ± 4.67 kg; body fat 34.14 ± 2.96%; fasting blood glucose [FBG] 89.5 ± 4.67 mg/dl) completed four trials in a randomized, single-blinded fashion. Each trial consisted of ingestion of either ISO + LEU in combination (50:50), ISO, LEU, or placebo (PLA). Each treatment was ingested 30 min prior to a 2 hr 75 g (GLU) OGTT. The amino acid drink (200 mL) was prepared based on the participant’s LBM at a standardized dose (0.3g/kg), while the PLA dose was 3.54 g. Blood samples were collected at baseline (0), followed by AA or PLA drink, 6, 10, 30, followed by GLU drink, 36, 40, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min with appropriate inhibitors used for valid quantification. Results show that Δ area of glucose analysis ISO+LEU, ISO, and LEU reduced glucose response more than PLA (p = .005); ISO + LEU and ISO lowered blood glucose at 60 min and 90 min ( p = < .05) compared to PLA. There was no difference between treatments in the AUC insulin concentration from baseline (p = .053); Δ change of C-peptide concentration was greater in ISO than PLA (p = .04), AUC differences showed ISO+LEU > PLA; the Δ change glucagon analysis showed no difference (p = .12); Δ change of GLP-1Active analysis showed no difference (P = .12); Δ change GIPTotal analysis ISO > LEU and PLA (p = .04). It appears that ISO and LEU combined or independently diminish glucose responses at peak time and ISO stimulates GIP and C-peptide concentrations more so than does LEU, and ISO and LEU have a negligible impact on GLP-1.Item Acute effects of plasma from women with PCOS treated with whey protein on vitamin D metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes(11/4/2019) Patterson, Desireé; LeMieux, Monique J.Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive disorder often associated with vitamin D (VD) deficiency, obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). While nutritional treatments for PCOS are limited, VD supplementation increases insulin secretion and improves glycemic control. Whey protein isolate (WPI) supplementation increases insulin secretion and lowers glucose in individuals with T2DM. Mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes were exposed to plasma from women with and without PCOS who consumed WPI for 7 days. Adipocytes were then exposed to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25VD) and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25VD) to determine the interaction of plasma from women consuming WPI and vitamin D3 on the genetic expression of 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1) and 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1). This study found no effect of plasma or forms of VD on CYP2R1 expression; however, 1,25VD increased the CYP24A1 expression. Overall, neither plasma nor forms of VD seem to change VD metabolism gene expression under normal or PCOS-like conditions.Item Adapted physical education needs assessment: a cooperative manpower planning model for the local school district(Texas Woman's University, 1982-08) Megginson, Nancy L.Item Adapted physical education professors' perceptions of teaching behaviors of effective general and adapted physical educators(2009-12) Bowers, Sharon Tiffany; French, Ron; Nichols, David L., Ph. D.; Silliman-French, LisaThe purpose of this investigation was to determine, and then compare and contrast, the performance-based teaching behaviors of effective practitioners in three different environments: (a) general physical education (GPE) teachers who work with students without disabilities; (b) GPE teachers who work with students with disabilities in an integrated setting; and (c) adapted physical education (APE) teachers who work with students with disabilities in a segregated setting. A mixed methods design using both qualitative and quantitative methods with sequential procedures was used (Creswell, 2003). The sampling design was purposive. Participants (N = 10) were professors of master's degree programs in Adapted Physical Activity, Adapted Physical Education, and/or Special Physical Education. The questionnaire, Performance-based Teaching Behaviors of General and Adapted Physical Educators , consisted of informed consent information and a combination of close-ended (rating scale) and open-ended (comment) questions. Questions were developed using a three-phase approach: (a) an in-depth review and analysis of performance-based teaching behaviors listed in the literature, the National Standards for Beginning Physical Education Teachers (NASPE, 2003), the Standards for Advanced Programs in Physical Education Teacher Education (NASPE, 2001), and the Adapted Physical Education National Standards (Kelly, 2006); (b) information regarding performance-based teaching behaviors obtained from interviews; and (c) validity and reliability measures. Data were collected in summer of 2008. Participants were asked to rank the importance of each of the 145 teaching behaviors for each of the three physical education environments. Data were analyzed using descriptive and nonparametric statistics. Within the limitations of this study, both similarities and differences were identified in the teaching behaviors of effective physical educators who work with and without students with disabilities. Based on the results of this study, a number of teaching behaviors are necessary for effective physical education teachers in any setting and additional teaching behaviors are required for the effective teaching of students with disabilities in both general and adapted physical education.Item An adapted physical education service delivery system utilizing an interagency inservice teacher education model(Texas Woman's University, 12/31/1981) Tymeson, Garth T.; Sherrill, Claudine; Gench, Barbara; Gorton, Chester; Moran, Joan; Mott, JaneItem An Afrocentric perspective: needs of breast cancer survivors(12/30/2002) Coggin, Claudia StickneyThe number of breast cancer survivors has continued to increase over the last 10 years. Surviving a cancer diagnosis changes all aspects of a woman's life forever. The purpose of this study was to identify the needs of Black/African American breast cancer survivors using a Delphi Technique and to determine the resources available, accessible and used by these breast cancer survivors. The researcher applied a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the data. Nominations for a panel of experts (participants) were solicited from the Sisters Network, Inc., a national African American breast cancer support group, and other service providers. Invitation letters and a Round One Questionnaire were sent to 216 Black/African American breast cancer survivors. One hundred forty participants returned completed surveys. Ninety of the 140 participants returned a self-addressed label indicating their willingness to continue in the study. Each of the 90 participants was mailed the Round Two Questionnaire and 81 returned the questionnaire. Eighty-one participants were mailed the Round Three Questionnaire. Sixty-two returned the third and final questionnaire of the Delphi Technique process. Black/African American breast cancer survivors identified their most important needs to be: (1) to have a full range of affordable, accessible, acceptable, and appropriate medical care and other support services; (2) to have a loving, caring family; (3) to know who to contact for information regarding breast cancer symptoms or related health problems; (4) to have strong faith and relationship with God; and (5) to have adequate resources for self-care and care for their family. The study findings can be used to guide health educators in designing and implementing culturally appropriate programs to assist Black/African American breast cancer survivors to access and utilize available support services. Further, health educators could assist breast cancer support groups, service providers, and other community organizations design educational programs/services that are culturally appropriate for Black/African American breast cancer survivors. Efforts to address survivorship needs of diverse groups of women require knowledge and understanding of the needs of all women who experience and survive breast cancer.Item Alienation, group dependency and reasons for abstinence among female college student marijuana users and nonusers(8/30/1973) Bledsoe, Pamela; Day, Dalton; Merki, Donald; Janssen, CalvinThe present study compared marijuana users and nonusers with regard to demographic and personality variables, including alienation and group dependency. The nonusers' reasons for abstaining from marijuana were also investigated. The subjects were 316 students enrolled at Texas Woman's University. A three-part questionnaire eliciting background information and drug data, and containing Dean's Alienation Scale and the Q2 Scale from the Sixteen Personality Factor Test, was administered to the subjects. Marijuana users were characterized as being more likely to live with their parents, to participate in protests and demonstrations, to feel bored and depressed frequently, to have parents who smoke cigarettes frequently, to smoke cigarettes and drink alcoholic beverages frequently themselves, to use drugs for nonmedical reasons, to obtain their drug information from friends, and to have more friends who also smoke marijuana. Results indicated that nonusers abstained from marijuana because: (a) they believed that they did not need marijuana in order to enjoy life, (b) they did not want to live a life distorted by the use of marijuana, and (c) they did not believe that marijuana would solve their problems. Marijuana users were more likely to be alienated than nonusers. Users and nonusers were not significantly different with regard to group dependency; however, principled nonusers were found to be more group dependent than users.Item An in vitro investigation of the molecular effects of aging and exercise signaling within human skeletal muscle cells(4/23/2021) Zumbro, Emily L.; Duplanty, Anthony A.The older population is steadily increasing and is expected to double by the year 2050. With this comes the increase in prevalence of chronic disease, sarcopenia being of utmost concern in regard to skeletal muscle (SKM) health. Sarcopenia is associated with additional morbidities, including insulin resistance, resulting in the reduced quality of life in these individuals. Resistance exercise is a common form of treatment for sarcopenia to attenuate the loss of muscle mass but the quality of the muscle may still be suboptimal due to potential mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The purpose of the study was to invesitgate the molecular effects of aging in myoblasts related to cell homeostasis, myogenesis, and mitochondrial biogenesis and whether general exercise signaling via the β-2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) could rescue the dysregulated signaling resulting from aging. Human SKM myoblasts underwent an in vitro continued passaging protocol to represent aging in vivo. Formoterol (FORM), an exercise mimetic, was used to stimulate general exercise signaling. Four conditions were included in this study (n = 6), control (CON), aging (AGED), CON with FORM stimulation (CON+FORM), and AGED with FORM stimulation (AGED+FORM). Extraction of total RNA was conducted once myoblasts reached 85% confluency and was followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses. Gene expression was analyzed and represented the following categories: (a) cell homeostasis, (b) myogenesis, and (c) mitochondrial biogenesis. The delta-delta cycle threshold (ΔΔCT) method was used to normalize genetic expression followed by one-way anaylysis of variance (ANOVA) for each gene with significance set at p < .05. Aging resulted in a significant increase in atrophy-related gene expression only in addition to non-significant robust effects on genes associated with oxidative stress, protein synthesis, autophagy, substrate utilization, myogenesis, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Formoterol stimulation significantly increased genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and atrophy in addition to significantly downregulated myogenesis. Additionally, FORM stimulation seems to reduce oxidative stress, though not significantly. Taking all findings into consideration, general exercise signaling representative of combined aerobic and resistance exercise may be beneficial in older individuals to reduce oxidative stress leading to improved intercellular signaling across pathways important for overall SKM health.Item Anaerobic fatigue and its effect on kinematic and kinetic variables associated with impact during vertical jumping(1996) Robinson, Russell E.; Wilkerson, Jerry; Gench, Barbara; Ben-Ezra, Victor; French, RonaldKinematic and kinetic variables associated with impacts during non-fatigued and fatigued vertical jumping were examined. The purpose of this study was to investigate fatigue and its effect on anterior/posterior shear forces, compression forces, and flexion/extension moments at the ankle, knee, and hip during an impact from vertical jumping. Twenty unskilled untrained females were tested isokinetically at 60 and 180 deg/s for leg extension and flexion strength. Leg strength was examined then retested two days later immediately following the Wingate Anaerobic Power test. This data was compared and used to quantify the amount of fatigue that would occur following the Wingate test. Non-fatigued and fatigued conditions were compared and significant differences $(p<.01)$ were present for peak torque at 60 and 180 deg/s during both leg extension and flexion. Significant differences $(p<.01)$ also occurred during the 25th repetition of leg extension and flexion at 180 deg/s. Non-fatigued and fatigued vertical jumps were performed approximately one week after the isokinetic leg testing. Non-fatigued countermovement vertical jumps were performed first with the fatigued jumps occurring second. The fatigued jumps were conducted immediately following the Wingate test. No differences were present for anterior/posterior shear forces, compression forces, and flexion/extension moments for the ankle, knee, and hip. There was a significant decrease $(p<.01)$ in vertical jump height. It was concluded that kinetic changes in the joint did not occur because of a decrease in jump height. This was attributed to the lower extremity muscles being fatigued and as a result, the lower extremity muscles were unable to produce enough force to displace the body of the individual into the air for the same distance.Item Analysis of linear running versus curve running among female sprinters(1982-05) Simpson, Ruth Vivienne Williams,; Lyle, Bert; Rosentsweig, Joel; Edge, WallaceItem An analysis of predictors of Staphylococcus aureus among patients with autoimmune diseases in North Texas(12/30/2010) Kehl, Susan; Wiginton, Kristin; Massey-Stokes, Marilyn; Coyle, ThomasThe prevalence of autoimmunity is increasing, and a comprehensive, definitive understanding of treatment remains elusive to medical and genetic research. Hospitalized autoimmune patients who experience complications are potentially at greater risk for infections. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the predictors of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) among hospitalized, autoimmune patients in North Texas. This retrospective study assessed secondary data of 65,536 adult patients from 1999 to 2005. Cross tabulations, chi squares, t tests, ANOVAs, and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to find relationships and predictors of SA related infections among the sample. The descriptive characteristics of patients discharged after SA infections were analyzed. Multiple significant relationships were identified. The rate of SA infections discovered in the sample, SA specific infections (2.8%), SA infections (1.7%), MRSA (.1%), and SA possibly related infections (3.3%) was included in the data presentation. Finally, multiple logistic regression analyses were completed on the full sample, and three random samples. Several covariates were either protective or predictive of a diagnosis of infection in patients with autoimmune diagnoses. Females (OR = 1.256 – 1.791, p <.05), African-Americans (OR = 1.231– 1.427, p < .05), 10 or more day 1.427, p < .05), 10 or more day hospital stay (OR = 3.955 – 6.911, p < .001), $24,000 or more in hospital charges (OR = 2.210 – 2.726, p < .01), SLE patients (OR = 1.421 – 2.198, p < .05), acute renal failure (1.346 – 3.071, p < .05), and patients with acute respiratory failure (OR = 1.416 – 2.664, p < .05) were at increased risk for infection.Item An analysis of psychosocial constructs of weight behaviors among college women(8/30/2007) Finnie, Jamecia; Love, Anna; Wiginton, Kristin; Ward, SusanThis study used archival data collected from the 2005 Psychosocial Barriers to Healthy Behaviors in College Students Project at a mid size, public university in the southwestern region of the United States. A phenomenological approach was used to analyze nine focus groups for barriers, sociocultural influences, locus of control, and sources of health information, concerning healthy weight behaviors among college women 18 and 44 years of age. Six research questions were developed to complete the study purposes. Focus group data were transcribed from audio recordings, audited using video recordings, and coded. Then, the long table method was used to generate themes. Additionally, video recordings were analyzed for body dynamics. Five overarching themes were found. Additionally, results show that internal conflict and the internalization of cultural norms may play a major role in participants' ability to control healthy weight behaviors. Creating studies that seek to understand the multitude of factors that influence weight behaviors will help researchers understand and alleviate the current obesity epidemic.Item An analysis of socio-economic levels and ethnic backgrounds with respect to health behavior of seventh-grade girls in Del Rio, Texas(Texas Woman's University, 8/31/1970) Lynch, Patricia L,