Kinesiology
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11274/15832
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Browsing Kinesiology by Subject "Aging"
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Item An in vitro investigation of the molecular effects of aging and exercise signaling within human skeletal muscle cells(4/23/2021) Zumbro, Emily L.; Duplanty, Anthony A.The older population is steadily increasing and is expected to double by the year 2050. With this comes the increase in prevalence of chronic disease, sarcopenia being of utmost concern in regard to skeletal muscle (SKM) health. Sarcopenia is associated with additional morbidities, including insulin resistance, resulting in the reduced quality of life in these individuals. Resistance exercise is a common form of treatment for sarcopenia to attenuate the loss of muscle mass but the quality of the muscle may still be suboptimal due to potential mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The purpose of the study was to invesitgate the molecular effects of aging in myoblasts related to cell homeostasis, myogenesis, and mitochondrial biogenesis and whether general exercise signaling via the β-2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) could rescue the dysregulated signaling resulting from aging. Human SKM myoblasts underwent an in vitro continued passaging protocol to represent aging in vivo. Formoterol (FORM), an exercise mimetic, was used to stimulate general exercise signaling. Four conditions were included in this study (n = 6), control (CON), aging (AGED), CON with FORM stimulation (CON+FORM), and AGED with FORM stimulation (AGED+FORM). Extraction of total RNA was conducted once myoblasts reached 85% confluency and was followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses. Gene expression was analyzed and represented the following categories: (a) cell homeostasis, (b) myogenesis, and (c) mitochondrial biogenesis. The delta-delta cycle threshold (ΔΔCT) method was used to normalize genetic expression followed by one-way anaylysis of variance (ANOVA) for each gene with significance set at p < .05. Aging resulted in a significant increase in atrophy-related gene expression only in addition to non-significant robust effects on genes associated with oxidative stress, protein synthesis, autophagy, substrate utilization, myogenesis, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Formoterol stimulation significantly increased genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and atrophy in addition to significantly downregulated myogenesis. Additionally, FORM stimulation seems to reduce oxidative stress, though not significantly. Taking all findings into consideration, general exercise signaling representative of combined aerobic and resistance exercise may be beneficial in older individuals to reduce oxidative stress leading to improved intercellular signaling across pathways important for overall SKM health.Item Skilled Nursing facilities: Wellness requests from the baby boomer generation(Texas Woman s University, 1/1/2013) Kyle, Sara McVean; Nichols, David L., Ph. D.; Miloch, Kimberly; Baker, PamelaThe purpose of this study was to determine wellness specific requests of the Baby Boomer population in reference to hoosing a skilled nursing facility for self and family members. Participants are any individual born from 1946 ¨C 1964 with access to the survey via internet or hard copy. A survey was emailed using various hosting sites, such as corporate emails, social media sites, and forwards to additional contacts, containing questions regarding physical, social, and intellectual wellness preferences in the nursing setting. Returned survey responses through PsychData totaled 462, totaling 436 useable surveys. All data analyses were conducted using SPSS version 21.0, using a significance level of p ¡Ü .05: for all analyses. Results of the study show that the specific demographics of income and education may not significantly determine the extent to which a Baby Boomer will prefer certain dimensions of wellness in a skilled nursing facility. However, gender has a significant impact on both physical and social wellness preferences based on Mann Whitney analysis. Physical wellness questions regarding meal options, walking trails, supervised exercise programs, adapted exercise programs, and overall wellness were all significantly different at p <.001. Mean scores indicate women place slightly greater importance on each measure of physical wellness. Social wellness and gender shows association when measuring (1) distance of facility from family members and potential visiting friends, (2) family proximity to facility (3) animal interaction, and (4) volunteer opportunities. While the differences between genders are statistically significant for four of the five social wellness questions, there is only a noticeable difference for animal interactions. Additionally, intellectual wellness is important to Baby Boomers, exhibited by selections of ongoing educational programs and accessibility to technology and internet communication via Wi-Fi availability. In conclusion, the majority of Baby Boomers surveyed seek physical and social wellness opportunities in long term care, specifically skilled nursing despite income and education levels.