Nutrition & Food Sciences

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11274/8856

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Browsing Nutrition & Food Sciences by Subject "Adiponectin"

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    Exposure to alcohol interrupts adipose cell maturation, attenuates adiponectin expression, and contributes to inflammatory markers in 3T3-F442 pre-adipocytes
    (12/20/2018) Shafiei, Mahnoush Sophia; Davis, Kathleen Elizabeth
    Drinking alcohol during pregnancy interrupts cellular development, which may have far-reaching health effects on the fetus in its embryonic state and later as a young child. Adipose tissue (AT) is an important target for alcohol action. Alcohol disrupts the synthesis of a wide variety of peptides and adipokines, as well as the endocrine activity of adipose tissue. Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing adipokine that is involved in fatty acid breakdown; it is produced in adipose tissue. In this project, it is hypothesized that alcohol disrupts adipose cell development and reduces adiponectin (ApN) expression, concomitant with an elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduction in anti-inflammatory cytokines. The data suggest that alcohol exposure in 3T3-F442 pre-adipocytes reduces adipocyte proliferation. Pre-adipocytes were exposed to 0.0% (control), 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% alcohol solution for 48 hours. Triglycerides and the expression of ApN and several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured. Nile Red (NR) staining was used for the detection of adipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation. The results show triglyceride reduction in 3T3-F442 adipocytes and a significant reduction in adipocyte differentiation in comparison with control (non-alcohol-treated) cells. Furthermore, ApN secretion was reduced in 3T3-F442 cells in response to alcohol. The pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, IL-13, IL-1b, TNF-α, and INF-γ were increased, whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-10, IL-12, were reduced. In conclusion, exposure of alcohol reduced differentiation of 3T3-F442 pre-adipocytes to adipocytes. It was demonstrated in this project that alcohol impairs ApN secretion and increases pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results help to establish the potential role of alcohol in promoting inflammation and reducing adiponectin expression in developing pre-adipocytes, suggesting alcohol may be disruptive in metabolism by disruption of adipose cell differentiation.
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    Measurement and validation of the nature of salivary adiponectin
    (2012-05-30) Akuailou, Eleonore-Nausica; Prasad, Chandan; Imrhan, Victorine; Vijayagopal, Parakat
    Adiponectin (Ad) is an adipocyte-derived hormone that plays an essential role in regulating insulin sensitivity, inflammation and atherogenesis. Levels of some hormones in saliva change in a fashion similar to that in plasma in response to a disease or physiological change. Since saliva is an easy to obtain biological fluid, measurements of salivary hormonal changes are preferred in diagnoses and treatments. Therefore, it was of interest to examine the nature of salivary Ad. While there have been two publications in the literature reporting presence of Ad in human saliva, the nature of salivary Ad has not been characterized. To this end, we investigated the effect of sample dilution on the measurement of Ad in saliva. To our surprise, we observed an increase in the measurable level of Ad in saliva on sample dilution. One explanation for this paradoxical observation may be the presence of inhibitor(s) of Ad-anti-Ad binding in saliva which following dilution relieves the inhibitory effect. Working with this hypothesis we were able to demonstrate the presence of inhibitor(s) in saliva that co-eluted with the dimeric form of Ad and was capable of inhibiting Ad assay. The presence of such inhibitor(s) may lead to underestimation of Ad in saliva.
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    The effects of whey protein supplementation on adiponectin and leptin in women with and without PCOS
    (6/14/2021) Low, Irene; Broughton, K. Shane
    The current study investigated the effects of whey protein supplementation on high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, leptin, and insulin concentrations in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Six PCOS women (PCO) and eight non-PCOS women (CON) were included in this study. Each subject consumed a daily 35g whey protein pre-load 30 minutes prior to their afternoon meal for 40 days. At Day 1, Day 20, and Day 40, participants were brought to the clinic and blood samples were collected to analyze HMW adiponectin, leptin, and insulin. Statistical analyses tested within groups, between groups, and adjusted for body weight, BMI, and body fat percentage. In addition, correlations were evaluated for HMW adiponectin, leptin, and insulin. There were no significant differences between groups or within groups at Day 1, 20, and 40. Although not considered statistically significant, there was an 11% increase and 17% decrease in insulin (t = +30mins) concentrations in the CON group and PCO group, respectively, from Day 1 to Day 40. After adjusting for body weight, BMI, and body fat percentage, there was a statistically significant difference in HMW adiponectin concentration between the two groups at Day 1 (p < .05, partial 2 = .499). There was also a significant inverse correlation between HMW adiponectin and insulin at Day 40 in both groups (r = -.650). In women with PCOS, daily 35g whey protein supplementation normalized HMW adiponectin and insulin response to concentrations similar to women without PCOS after 40 days.