Sociology

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The accessibility and subsequent influence of social capital on academic achievement in children identified as at-risk and/or confirmed victims of maltreatment in the United States
(8/30/2011) Barker, Merryl; Zottarelli, Lisa
With over 700,000 children involved with the child welfare system each year, our society must address the issues that result in their maltreatment and invest in preventative and supportive measures for this population. Much of the research focuses on the most severe cases in which children are placed in foster care, rather than those remaining in the care of custodial parent(s). Using the theoretical idea of social capital, especially as pioneered by James Coleman, the effect of social capital on potential academic achievement was evaluated on young adolescents identified as at-risk for maltreatment. Also considered were the effects of risk severity as indicators of potential academic achievement. Data was collected as part of a longitudinal research project conducted by the National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect. Unfortunately, no conclusive support was found connecting social capital to reading scores, but differences among sample populations were discovered and discussed.
Adaptation experience of post-1991 Eastern European immigrants in the United States
(3/22/2013) Michalikova, Nina
Despite the rapid growth in the numbers of new Eastern Europeans in the United States, very little is known about this immigrant population. There is no published systematic study of their adaptation to American life. Using the latest nationally representative quantitative data, this dissertation attempts to fill this gap in the literature by systematically examining the cultural, socioeconomic, structural, and political adaptation of post-1991 Eastern European immigrants in the United States. Two research questions will guide this study. First, to what extent do post-1991 Eastern European immigrants in the United States adapt culturally, socioeconomically, structurally, and politically to American life? Second, what are the major determinants of cultural, socioeconomic, structural, and political adaptation of post-1991 Eastern European immigrants in the United States? This dissertation is the first comprehensive study of the adaptation experience of post-1991 Eastern European immigrants in the United States. The study contributes to the field by simultaneously examining the cultural, socioeconomic, structural, and political adaptation of these new immigrants. In addition to an important methodological contribution and policy implications, the project reviews contesting perspectives of immigrant adaptation and develops a theoretical base for understanding Eastern European immigration. Since different Eastern European groups adapt to their new lives in the United States differently, their adaptation experiences can be best explained by different theoretical frameworks. Data from the Department of Homeland Security were used to describe the recent trends and patterns of immigration from Eastern Europe to the United States. The 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS), the 2008-2010 Civic Engagement Supplement of the Current Population Survey (CES-CPS), and the 2002-2010 Voting and Registration Supplement of the Current Population Survey (VRS-CPS) collected by the U.S. Bureau of the Census were used to address aspects of cultural, socioeconomic, structural, and political adaptation of new Eastern European immigrants. Ordinary least squares regression and logistic regression were used to test the hypotheses. The results show that new Eastern European immigrants have achieved a relatively high degree of English proficiency, and being recent immigrants, they have a higher likelihood of retaining their native language than other immigrant groups. Overall, new Eastern European immigrants tend to be highly educated and professional, but their average personal income is surprisingly low. Participation in civic organizations and neighborhood interaction of new Eastern European immigrants is somewhat limited, indicating that a relatively high degree of cultural and socioeconomic adaptation might not result in better structural adaptation for these immigrants. The naturalization rate among new Eastern European immigrants is comparable to that of American immigrants in general, but it is lower than the naturalization rate among other European and Asian immigrants. Voting behavior of new Eastern European immigrants is similar to other American immigrants. Overall, it appears that new Eastern European immigrants adapt well culturally, socioeconomically, structurally, and politically, but there are cross-group differences in their adaptation. In addition, empirical evidence suggests that new Eastern European immigrants have become only partially assimilated in the United States, while partially maintaining their ethnic cultures. Therefore, assimilation theory has no relevance when explaining their diverse adaptation paths and experiences. However, cultural pluralism theory, revisionist assimilation theory, and segmented assimilation theory appear to be applicable to the experiences of various Eastern European groups across different adaptation dimensions. The effect of a variety of individual and country-level factors on various dimensions of adaptation was tested. Age and length of stay are among the key determinants of cultural adaptation. The degree of socioeconomic adaptation of immigrants increases with length of stay, age, and English proficiency. Married immigrants tend to adapt better socioeconomically across all measures of this adaptation dimension. Length of stay, marital status, education, and self-employment consistently increase the degree of structural adaptation among immigrants. Immigrants who reside in the United States for a longer period of time, are males, have more education, and are married tend to adapt better politically than their respective counterparts. In addition to a variety of individual factors, results show that adaptation of new Eastern European immigrants is affected by socioeconomic and political conditions in their countries of origin. Immigrants from economically stronger, ethnically homogeneous countries where political and personal freedoms are granted to the citizens tend to adapt better culturally and socioeconomically. However, immigrants originating in countries with weaker economies tend to adapt better structurally and politically than immigrants from economically more stable countries. In addition, ethnic diversity and limited political and personal freedoms in home countries facilitate immigrants` structural and political adaptation in the United States. This dissertation has important implications not only for scholars of immigration, but also for policy makers, and immigrant groups themselves. Collectively, Eastern European immigrants adapt well in the United States, but this overall trend conceals wide cross-group differences. This study will, hopefully, draw the attention of policy makers to this understudied immigrant population, and will lead to an improvement in policies and increased support for groups in need. It is hoped that the information on different dimensions of adaptation included in this dissertation may be beneficial to immigrants themselves, and help later waves of Eastern European immigrants live lives that are more meaningful.
Adaptation of the Nepalese in the United States
(8/31/2011) Thapa-Oli, Soni
Despite the rapid growth of the Nepalese population, presently very little is known about the Nepalese in the United States. This dissertation examines the adaptation of the Nepalese in the United States. It focuses on the following three research questions: 1. How do the Nepalese in the United States adapt culturally, structurally, maritally, identificationally, and receptionally to American life? 2. What factors influence the cultural, structural, marital, identificational, and receptional adaptation of the Nepalese in the United States? 3. Which factors play a more important role in the adaptation of the Nepalese in the United States? The theoretical framework for guiding this study is built upon the synthesis of the following theories: classical assimilation, melting pot, cultural pluralism, selective assimilation, revisionist assimilation, and transnationalism. I proposed a series of hypotheses related to Nepalese's cultural, structural, identificational, marital, and receptional adaptation for testing. The data were collected through an online survey using the online survey software tool, PsychData. The sample (N=768) was collected from the Nepalese who were 18 years old or older and currently living in the United States. I tested the hypotheses using ordinary least squares regression, logistic regression, multinomial logistic regression, and ordinal regression depending on the measurements of the dependent variables. The results show that the majority of the Nepalese celebrated both Hindu and American holidays/festivals. Nepali was the dominant language spoken at home and with children. Most of them had friendship with Nepalese and socialized with Nepalese. The majority of the Nepalese interacted with whites in the workplace and lived in white neighborhoods. The majority of the respondents had a Nepalese spouse and consistently preferred to marry Nepali, if given a choice. More than half of the respondents would allow their children to marry non-Nepalese. The Nepalese not only identified themselves as Nepalese, but also felt closeness to their own ethnic group. The majority of the Nepalese had been mistaken as "Hispanics." Half of the respondents had been treated well in the host country but discriminated sometimes, and had never had unwelcomed feelings. The results also reveal that age of entry is a significant predictor of celebrating Hindu festivals, attending Hindu religious services, attending Nepali functions, having a Nepalese spouse, disallowing children to marry non-Nepalese, and identifying self as Nepalese. Legal status significantly contributes to celebrating American holidays, identifying self as Nepalese American or Asian American, and facing less discrimination and prejudice. Length of stay increases proficiency in English language: it facilitates living in white neighborhoods, having friendship and socialization with whites, obtaining membership in Nepalese organizations, marrying a non-Nepalese, and self-identifying as Nepalese American or American/other. Education in the United States facilitates working mostly with whites and obtaining membership in American organizations. Travel to homeland increases attending Hindu religious services, being close to Nepalese, working mostly with whites, and living in white neighborhoods. Sending remittance is associated with closeness to one's own ethnic group. Similarly, reading Nepali newspapers contributes to attendance of Hindu religious services, attendance of Nepali functions, cooking of Nepali food, retention of ethnic language, self-identification as Nepalese, and closeness to one's own ethnic group. It is found that the relative importance of the predictors in predicting Nepalese adaptation varies depending on the dependent variables. Age of entry has the strongest effect on celebrating Hindu festivals, attending Hindu religious services, attending Nepali functions, and disallowing children to many non-Nepalese. Gender has the strongest effect on attending religious services, cooking Nepali food, and obtaining membership in Nepalese organizations. Legal status not only has the strongest effect on celebrating American holidays and attending Nepali functions, but it also has an effect on a lack of racial/ethnic discrimination experience. Length of stay has the strongest effect on speaking English at home and with children, having friendships and socialization with whites, living in white neighborhoods, and marrying a non-Nepalese, if given a choice. The highest level of education has the strongest effect on socializing and working with whites, and allowing children to marry a non-Nepalese. Interestingly, education in the United States has the strongest effect on working with whites and obtaining membership in an American organization. Travel to homeland has the strongest positive effect on living in white neighborhoods and experiencing less racial/ethnic discrimination. Reading Nepali newspapers has the strongest positive effect on cooking Nepali food, having a Nepalese spouse, speaking Nepali language at home and with children, hindering English speaking ability, and socializing with Nepalese. This dissertation is the first large-scale survey study of Nepalese in the United States. It offers wealth of information on the adaptation of Nepalese unavailable elsewhere. In particular, it systematically analyzes the status and determinants of Nepalese's cultural, structural, marital, identificational, and receptional adaptation. In addition, this dissertation proposes a multidimensional theoretical framework to depict the adaptation experiences of the Nepalese in the United States. It tests this theoretical framework and its derived hypotheses using data from Nepalese, a brand new group of immigrants in America. The results provide support for cultural pluralism theory and challenge classical assimilation theory. It also analyzes the role of transnational activities in adaptation. The results may help the understanding of the adaptation experiences of other new immigrant groups. In addition, it may help to reduce prejudice and discrimination against the Nepalese in America.
Adherence behavior and the impact of HAART on quality of life of Ugandan adults
(2008-12) Kalanzi, Dorothy Julliet Nansikombi; Williams, James L.; Moore, Ami; Tilton, Abigail
AIDS is no longer a death sentence due to the availability of highly active antiretroviral drugs (HAART) used to treat HIV. The international community is increasing access of HAART to low-resource regions. However, treatment failure and disease progression due to sub-optimal adherence are a public health concern. This study examines adherence behavior and the impact of HAART on perceived quality of life. Data utilized in this study were collected in 2007 and the sample is composed of 70 participants between ages 18 and 64 that were currently on HAART, who were selected using convenience sampling and were affiliated with three HAART providing centers in Uganda. Thirty seven percent of the participants were soldiers and 63% were civilians. The average years of schooling were 9. Fifty six percent of the participants were female. The median monthly income of respondents was $28. Eighty two percent of the participants began HAART after 2004. Some of the questions addressed include: How are individuals on HAART adhering to treatment? What factors influence highly active antiretroviral drug adherence behavior? What factors influence life style recommendations adherence behavior? What is the impact of HAART on perceived physical and psychological health among individuals undergoing treatment? Lack of food was the major influential factor for skipping taking medication, and side effects had the least impact on skipping taking medication. Gender power imbalances, economic need and cultural beliefs increased adherence failure because they were a hindrance to the regular use of condoms, having sex with only one partner, or having good nutrition. The effects of HAART on perceived psychological health were reported to be somewhat less as compared to physical health. In reference to physical health, respondents testified of clinical gains. Although the majority of participants reported improvements in psychological health, numerous respondents expressed continued feelings of anxiety, fear, and loneliness. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings as well as direction for future research are also discussed.
An auto/ethnographic exploration of the effects of a reservist's deployment on the support system: The theory of deployment communication and resilience for a support system
(4/12/2021) Covey, Jamie M.; Gullion, Jessica Smartt, 1972-
The purpose of this study is to understand how the support system, including family (such as parents and siblings), friends, and co-workers experience the deployment of a Reservist who is not married and does not have children. This qualitative research used both ethnographic responses from participants, and my autoethnographic writings as the deployer and researcher. The ethnographic research collection spanned the course of the deployment and was tailored to target collection during the three phases of deployment (pre-deployment phase, deployment phase, and post-deployment/reintegration phase). Using grounded theory, I developed the theory of deployment communication and resilience for a Reservist’s support system which posits (1) the support system needs to diverse, (2) the practice of mutual permissive protective buffering in frequent communication, and (3) the need for both deployer and support system to educate themselves on the challenges of reintegration. Another important outcome of the study is confirming the important role of military-to-military friendship in coping and healing during the reintegration phase. This project is the first of its kind focused on the support system of a Reservist.
An analysis of the social characteristics, social adjustment, and social participation of divorced persons as compared with married persons
(7/24/1978) Thompson, Bettye Decatur; Davis, Ethelyn; Fuller, Marie; Johansen, Elinor; McGeehon, Carl; Brown, Wilma
Are older people really happier than younger people?
(1/22/2019) Leone, Erica C; Yang, Philip Q.
In recent years, quite a few studies and media reports have claimed that older people are happier than younger people. Although this argument may contain partial truth, I question the total validity of this claim. This study investigates several possibilities. I first examine how the effect of age on happiness varies by health status and economic status. I then investigate a possible non-linear effect of age over a life time. I also analyze the effect of generational cohorts and period on happiness. Data from General Social Surveys 1972-2016 and logistic regression are used to test the possibilities. The results show that the effect of age on happiness is moderated by health status and by income. This study also detects a significant nonlinear effect of age on happiness, namely, as people age they become less happy and least happy at the age of 52, and then gradually regain happiness. It is also found that later generations are happier than earlier generations and that the happiness of Americans has ebbed and flown with the peak in 1990. The findings of this study challenge the popular position that older people are happier than younger people and provide a more complete picture of the relationship between age and happiness. The findings also have significant implications for government policies and programs to improve the well-being of the elderly.
The assimilation of the adult into the community: The commuter student at Texas Woman's University
(5/30/1970) Parnell, Emily Ann T.; Johansen, Elinor; David, Ethelyn
Attitudes toward old people: A comparison between Chinese students and American students
(5/30/1974) Chang, Sandra; Bucklew, Reba; Davis, Ethelyn; McGeehon, Carl; Dilley, Martha
Attributions in social interactions: A qualitative study
(2003-12) Barga, Lynne R.; Williams, James L.; Sadri, Mahmoud
The purpose of this study was to investigate people's attributions in explaining ambiguously described behavior, and to discover whether and how those attributions reflect their social identities and social roles. A literature review grounded the study theoretically in Sociological Social Psychology. Qualitative methods of data collection and textual analysis were applied to open-ended questions about behavioral vignettes and a demographic information form. Five major themes of attributional derivation emerged, supported in the literature. (1) Personal experience; (2) Socialized norms, expectations, stereotypes; (3) Response to the vignette, not the behavior; (4) Impression management; (5) Thought complexity. Social roles and identities reflected four themes. (1) Relationships and human welfare—people in arts and humanities; (2) Behavioral perceptions—gays, lesbians, mixed ethnicities; (3) Political and religious ideologies (dualisms, role expectations, judgment)—conservatives and fundamentalists (4) Occupational characteristics. Future research should address other demographic or social characteristics, as well as asking entirely new questions.
An axiomatic theory of adolescence: A critique and a test
(1977-05) Milam, Mary Justina; Albert, Charles Rodney; Davis, Ethelyn; Bucklew, Reba
Bangladeshi immigrants' adaptation in the United States
(2022-12-01T06:00:00.000Z) Akhter, Morsheda; Yang, Philip Q; Williams, James; Sadri, Mahmoud
This quantitative study explores Bangladeshi immigrants' adaptation in the United States. Bangladeshi immigrants are one of the fastest-growing minority ethnic groups in the United States. Despite their tremendous growth, little is known about them, and no systematic study of their adaptation to American life has been published. This dissertation fills this void in the literature by thoroughly examining the cultural, socioeconomic, structural, and political adaptation of Bangladeshi immigrants in the United States. This study addresses two research questions: How well do Bangladeshi immigrants in the United States adapt culturally, socioeconomically, structurally, and politically into American life? What are the major determinants of the structural, cultural, socioeconomic, and political adaptation of Bangladeshi immigrants? To answer the research questions, this study is guided by several theoretical frameworks and proposes a set of hypotheses for testing. The data for this study come from the 2001-2019 American Community Surveys and the 2000-2021 Current Population Surveys conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Major methods of analysis include chi-square test, ANOVA, ordinary least squares regression, and logistic regression. The findings reveal that overall Bangladeshi immigrants appear to have adapted well culturally, socioeconomically, structurally, and politically in the United States, but they have only partially assimilated and partly retained their ethnic cultures, especially their native tongue. Their average income is relatively low despite their relatively high educational attainment. Their adaptation experience is not linear but is bumpy and non-uniform. The results of regression analyses show that many demographic, familial, assimilational, and socioeconomic factors contribute significantly to the cultural and socioeconomic adaptation of Bangladeshi immigrants. On the other hand, many predictors of structural and political adaptation do not attain statistical significance at the 0.05 level because of the small sample sizes and call for further testing. This is the first comprehensive research on the adaptation experience of Bangladeshi immigrants in the United States. This research contributes to the literature by examining concurrently the patterns and determinants of Bangladeshi immigrants’ cultural, socioeconomic, structural, and political adaptation. It also assesses the applicability of competing theoretical approaches to Bangladeshi immigrants’ adaptation. The findings will also have practical and policy implications.
Being Black: A study of Black panethnicity in the United States
(5/28/2020) Brown, Monicka; Yang, Philip Q.
While the examination of Asian, Hispanic, Indian, and white panethnicity abounds, systematic research on black panethnicity is surprisingly absent. This research is the first comprehensive study of black panethnicity in the United States—the oldest form of panethnicity in America. This study traces the origins of black panethnicity to black arrival and slavery in colonial America, follows its evolvement in historical periods, and analyzes its current status. Comparative-historical methods were used to assess the creation and evolution of black panethnicity, and compare it with Asian American, Hispanic American, American Indian, and white American panethnicity. To evaluate the current status of black panethnicity, fifteen in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with native blacks and black immigrants who self-identified as black and lived in America. The analysis of historical and contemporary data reveals three critical junctures in the development of black panethnicity. 1) In the first critical juncture, black panethnicity emerged out of black slavery as a result of the racialization of distinct African tribes into the category of black and the resolve of those people to survive. 2) In the second critical juncture, black panethnicity evolved during the historical periods of Reconstruction, Jim Crow, and Civil Rights. a) During Reconstruction, the black elite class helped newly freed blacks navigate through the “cultural trauma of slavery” by advocating for agency. b) A spirit of inclusiveness and a celebration of black culture increased racial pride and provided ethnic representation of black Americans or African Americans through the era of Jim Crow. c) Black consciousness, the unrelenting quest for black human rights, and the ability of individuals and organizations to mobilize as a result of activism permanently solidified black panethnicity during the Civil Rights period. 3) Black panethnicity is currently strong, but the emerging native-immigrant divide may erode it. The findings of this study provide insight into the formation and development of black panethnicity in the United States and will contribute to research on panethnicity in general. The findings will also have practical implications for the unity and solidarity of black Americans to further their common interests.
Black-white inequality through the lens of race, class, and gender in North Texas, 1880-1940
(4/12/2021) Teague, Hollie A.; Yang, Philip Q.
Utilizing the three-article format, this dissertation examines the severe inequalities related to race, class, and gender in North Texas from 1880 to 1940. The unifying theme of all three articles is the ways in which inequality was enforced in Black-White relations, including the role of creating and maintaining mainstream cultural memories. Each article investigates a different aspect of Black-White inequality and, while relating to the unifying theme, makes distinct contributions. The first article is a socio-historic examination of anti-Black police violence in North Texas from 1880 to 1930. Patterns of official dereliction of duty, misconduct, abuse, and murder are revealed to have had not only racial elements, but gendered and classed elements as well. The second article takes a comparative approach to a nonviolent community removal in Denton, Texas, and an extraordinarily violent destruction of a community in Tulsa, Oklahoma, both of which targeted economically successful Black neighborhoods and both of which were perpetrated by White Supremacists. Variations in Black resistance and the construction of local cultural memory are also explored. The third article documents experiences with inequality by Black women and girls in North Texas from 1900 to 1940. When read together, these three articles reveal a complex exercise of raced, classed, and gendered power in a region that is often overlooked and understudied.
A call to duty: The social identity of law enforcement managers
(Texas Woman's University, 5/30/2016) Espinoza, Lucas
The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the social identity of law enforcement managers (LEMs). Qualitative research methodology, specifically in-depth interviews, was used for this study. An interview schedule guide based on Tajfel’s social identity theory (SIT) and the sociocultural approach of Westley’s law enforcement study was used to frame the social identity concepts, which are social categorization, social identification, and social comparison. Participants were recruited from the Bill Blackwood Law Enforcement Management Institute of Texas (LEMIT). Major themes were found across the social identity process. Results establish that a manager’s membership in the law enforcement group formalized their self-categorization. The law enforcement occupation provides the LEMs a steady income, a stable career, and job security. The LEMs reported a positive sense of honor/respect; making a difference/helping; having a commitment to one’s oath and duty; and using a specialized language in the occupation. The LEMs limited their association with colleagues outside of the occupation. Further, they expressed a clear identification with being a law enforcement officer and manager by noting similar qualities and distinct attributes related to law enforcement. Similarly, they identified feelings of connectedness with other LEMs, using their skills/knowledge to be “pracademics” in their workplace interactions, and communications with personnel. Results show the LEMs expressed feelings of belonging, being out-going, approachable, and being critical when at work. The LEMs also acknowledged distinctions between themselves and other law enforcement personnel. This study also found they held varied feelings (i.e., brotherhood or separate in duty) when asked about other first responders. In addition, the LEMs downplayed their occupation and aligned themselves as being private citizens. Furthermore, the LEMs have an active communication with their family and/or intimate partners in their efforts to do their job. Lastly, the results show LEMs as being supportive of their subordinates’ efforts to be collegial, to secure an education, to obtain specialized training, and to expand their learning. The LEMs balance their identity of law enforcement and manager, which is reaffirmed by their commitment to their occupation. This dissertation supports the usefulness of social identity theory to study LEMs and other criminal justice occupations.
A caravan of hope-gay Christian service: Exploring social vulnerability and capacity-building of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex identified individuals and organizational advocacy in two post Katrina disaster environments
(2014-05) Stukes, Patricia A.; Sadri, Mahmoud; Keating, AnaLouise; Moore, Ami; Williams, James L.; Phillips, Brenda
This dissertation is a case study focused on exploring social vulnerability and capacity building among sexual minorities in New Orleans and Baton Rouge after Hurricane Katrina. Using social vulnerability as a framework, I employed qualitative methods to explore whether sexual minorities faced added risks in Hurricane Katrina associated with their sexual orientation or gender identity. The study also explores capacity building efforts by members of the Metropolitan Community Churches (MCC) in both cities after Hurricane Katrina. This research is an important step towards understanding the needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (lgbti) persons in disaster environments, and can help to illuminate how best to address gaps in navigating mainstream disaster recovery resources. Findings reveal that lgbti individuals are more likely to experience discrimination when they must rely on systems outside of their social and economic networks to recover. Safety is a major concern for lgbti in disaster environments, especially for those who feel they cannot pass as heterosexual. Among lgbti, elderly, racial minorities, young and homeless, were most likely to be without support networks, and most susceptible to failed recovery in Hurricane Katrina. Any combination of these characteristics can make access to resources virtually impossible. Heterosexism and homophobia often affect access to evacuation resources, options for emergency and temporary shelter, access to economic opportunities to rebuild, and employment among others. Historically, racism, and segregation in New Orleans and Baton Rouge has limited African-Americans social mobility. Lgbti of color are most likely to experience the greatest disparities given the systemic inequities compounded by homophobia in the culture, heterosexism, and resultant discrimination even among lgbti. White lgbti are more likely to have greater access to social and economic opportunities and resources through progressive and supportive heterosexual family members, and more integrated networks with resources. MCC in Los Angeles mounted a bi-coastal initiative with the MCC in Raleigh, North Carolina on the East Coast and they tagged it as the "Caravan of Hope" and staged the distribution at MCC Baton Rouge to address the needs of pets and an outreach to lgbti and others left behind.
Casas ricas y pobres: The effects of housing market expenditures on residential segregation of Mexican Americans in Texas and California
(5/31/1978) Torres-Raines, Rosario,; Johansen, Elinor; Fuller, Marie; Davis, Ethelyn; Bucklew, Reba; McGeehon, Carl
No abstract available
Challenging stereotypes of the childless in pronatalist society
(2012-05) Reed, Robert Earl; Sadri, Mahmoud; Zottarelli, Lisa
Some available studies have examined the relationship between parental status and happiness and parental status and life satisfaction. However, no previous studies have examined the relationship between parental status and selfishness. In addition, no existing studies have examined the relationship between parental status and happiness, life satisfaction, and selfishness along with the variables known to impact them. This study adds to the literature by examining the relationship between parental status and happiness, life satisfaction, and selfishness along with age, sex, race, health, education, income, and marital status. Data from the 2004 General Social Survey (GSS) was utilized. The relationship between parental status, happiness, life satisfaction, selfishness and control variables was tested using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. Two structural equation models were analyzed. The first one tested the relationship between parental status and happiness and life satisfaction; the second tested the relationship between parental status and selfishness. The results indicated that parental status did not impact happiness, life satisfaction, or selfishness.
A comparative analysis of information for international students provided by U.S. and Canadian universities.
(Texas Woman s University, 1/1/2013) Singh, Arati; Gullion, Jessica Smartt, 1972-
With a focus on socioeconomic issues considered important by the international students in the host nation, this study asks two research questions: How do United States and Canadian universities provide information on immigration policies that address the socioeconomic issues pertaining to international students? How are American and Canadian universities similar and different in the information they provide on immigration policies on socioeconomic issues pertaining to international students? Five universities each from U.S. and Canada that received most international students were purposively selected. A qualitative content analysis was conducted on the websites of the universities. The U.S. and Canadian universities are similar in the approach of presenting policies on employment and costs of education, and different in regard to the focus on immigration policies and international students' immigration status maintenance in the presentation of the policies. Despite presenting restrictive U.S. immigration policies, international students have selected the U.S. universities for their higher education. Conversely, the presentation of flexible Canadian immigration policies has seemingly helped in the enrollment of international students in the Canadian universities
A comparative statistical analysis of the chronological and developmental definitions of middle age
(8/31/1977) Borland, Dolores M. Cabic; Fuller, Marie; Albert, Rodney; Davis, Ethelyn; Benson, Leonard; McGeehon, Carl

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