School of Health Promotion & Kinesiology

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Examining the association between acculturation indicators and metabolic syndrome among Hispanic adults
(11/4/2019) Quezada, Alejandra; Massey-Stokes, Marilyn
The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between acculturation indicators and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Hispanic adults living in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area in Texas. MetS is a pressing public health problem, and Hispanics have the highest prevalence among all ethnic groups in the United States (35.4%). MetS is a cluster of five risk factors (blood pressure, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides) that increase a person’s risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Currently, Hispanics are the second-largest ethnic group in the United States, and more than one-third of the U.S. Hispanic population is foreign-born. As immigrants and subsequent generations are exposed to the mainstream U.S. culture, the process of acculturation impacts their lifestyle behaviors and health. Acculturation indicators (nativity, duration in the United States, and scores from the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics) and the five MetS markers were assessed among 128 adult participants. Logistic regression modeling was conducted to predict MetS status (present/not present) by acculturation indicators and covariates (sex, age, and education). Additional analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between each individual MetS marker, acculturation indicators, and the identified covariates. For every one-unit increase in a participant’s duration in the United States (measured in years), the likelihood of having abnormal blood pressure increased by 6% and the likelihood of having abnormal blood glucose increased by 5%. Results indicate increasing exposure to the mainstream American culture negatively impacts health risks and status among Hispanics. The primary treatment for MetS is lifestyle modification that includes regular physical activity, healthy eating, and weight loss. Health care providers can aid in reducing MetS prevalence by raising awareness of the condition and associated risk factors among their patients as well as recommending lifestyle modification to reduce their risk. Study results can aid health educators in planning, implementing, and evaluating health communication campaigns and health education/promotion programs to prevent MetS among Hispanics. Further examination of what changes occur in health behaviors that increase risk of MetS would provide further insight into why duration in the United States is associated with elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting blood glucose levels.
Using the Adaptive Navigation support technique of link hiding in an educational hypermedia system: An experimental study
(Proquest, 1999-05-15) Mann, Mark David
This study was conducted to provide new knowledge about adaptive hypermedia systems (AHMS) and the adaptive navigation support technique of link hiding. AHMS have been shown to increase efficiency in time required to work through a series of tasks, and to minimize wandering through an information space. Specific objectives of this research were to identify (a) the significance of the AHMS and the navigation support technique of link hiding to improve posttest performance on the hypertext markup language competency examination (HTMLCE) which measures student proficiency in the hypertext markup language (HTML), and (b) to identify the extent of the significant differences in means between control and experimental groups who participated in differing learning environments in a series of lessons on the subject of HTML.
Tips for full participation
(Texas Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance (TAHPERD), 2004) Silliman-French, Lisa; Thelen, Lucinda
When students who are low skilled, particularly those who also may be disabled, are placed in general physical education programs, activities may be too difficult for full participation. Therefore, activity modifications are a key to involving all. When activity modifications are implemented, not only will a positive environment be created, but it also creates a safe and successful program.
Appropriate physical education service for ALL students
(Texas Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance (TAHPERD), 2007) French, Ron; Silliman-French, Lisa; Buswell, Deborah
Where as, all students, including those with disabilities, deserve appropriate, safe, and meaningful physical education instructional programs as identified by Texas Education Agency (2006) and that are reflected in the National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE, 2005) standards.
Eligibility and instructional programs for students with disabilities provided with adapted physical education services
(Texas Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance (TAHPERD), 2008) Silliman-French, Lisa; French, Ron; Kinnison, Lloyd; Stephens, Tammy L.
In addition to ensuring that all students with disabilities are provided a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) in a least restrictive environment (LRE), the 2004 reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) reiterates the importance of school personnel using appropriate assessment processes (Overton, 2006). Specifically, this law mandates that schools ensure that proper assessment procedures encompassing a variety of assessment techniques are followed when determining eligibility and planning instruction (IDEA, 2004). These measures were implemented to decrease inappropriate labeling and to ensure appropriate performance data were used to plan effective instructional programs based on the student’s strengths and weaknesses.
A review of weight control strategies and their effects on the regulation of hormonal balance
(Hindawi, 2011) Schwarz, Neil A.; Rigby, B. Rhett; La Bounty, Paul; Shelmadine, Brian; Bowden, Rodney G.
The estimated prevalence of obesity in the USA is 72.5 million adults with costs attributed to obesity more than 147 billion dollars per year. Though caloric restriction has been used extensively in weight control studies, short-term success has been difficult to achieve, with long-term success of weight control being even more elusive. Therefore, novel approaches are needed to control the rates of obesity that are occurring globally. The purpose of this paper is to provide a synopsis of how exercise, sleep, psychological stress, and meal frequency and composition affect levels of ghrelin, cortisol, insulin GLP-1, and leptin and weight control. We will provide information regarding how hormones respond to various lifestyle factors which may affect appetite control, hunger, satiety, and weight control.
Mechanisms underlying the reduced performance measures from using equipment with a counterbalance weight system
(Wolters-Kluwer, 2012) Duplanty, Anthony A.; Buddhadev, Harsh H.; Vingren, Jakob L.; Hill, David W.
Bench press throws are commonly used in the assessment of upper-body power and are often performed on a Smith machine that uses a counterbalance weight to reduce the net load on the barbell. The use of a counterbalanced Smith machine was recently shown to reduce performance measures, but the mechanisms for this reduction have not been established. The purpose of this study was to determine the underlying physiological and biomechanical causes of the reduced performance measures found when using a counterbalanced Smith machine. Twenty-four men (mean ± SE: age, 23 ± 1 years; weight, 91.0 ± 3.5 kg; height, 178.9 ± 1.2 cm) performed Smith machine bench press throws at 30% of 1-repetition maximum under 4 conditions: (a) rebound movement and counterbalance, (b) rebound movement and no counterbalance, (c) concentric-only movement and counterbalance, and (d) concentric-only movement and no counterbalance. Peak power, peak force, and peak concentric and eccentric velocities were measured using a linear accelerometer, and peak ground reaction force was measured using a force plate. The counterbalance condition produced significantly (p < 0.05) lower peak accelerometer-based force (−21.2 and −17.0% for rebound and concentric-only bench press throws, respectively) but increased peak ground reaction force (5.3 and 3.2%). The discrepancy between changes in peak accelerometer-based force and peak ground reaction force suggests that an increase in net external load occurred during the movement. For performance testing of explosive movements, the use of a counterbalance system results in an underestimation of performance capability, likely because of an increase in the net external load during the concentric phase. Therefore, a counterbalance system should not be used for explosive movement performance testing.
Youth with and without educational disabilities in incarcerated settings in Texas: Are these students receiving appropriate physical education services
(Texas Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance (TAHPERD), 2012) Jackson, Dallas; Hilgenbrinck, Linda; Silliman-French, Lisa; Nichols, David; Goode, Sinah
Numerous health and behavioral outcomes of schoolaged youth in the United States can be influenced through structured, comprehensive general physical activity classes. Based on a systematic evaluation of evidence, Strong, Malina, Blimke, et al. (2005) recommended, that all school-aged youth should participate daily in 60 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) that is enjoyable and developmentally appropriate. It was also suggested that this “can be achieved in a cumulative manner in school during physical education, recess, intramural sports, and before and after school programs” (p. 737). Various types of moderate to vigorous activity programming are particularly important for youth who are incarcerated.
Postresistance exercise ethanol ingestion and acute testosterone bioavailability
(Wolters-Kluwer, 2013) Duplanty, Anthony A.; Vingren, Jakob L.; Hill, David W.; Buddhadev, Harsh
Introduction: Alcohol (ethanol) and resistance exercise can independently affect circulating bioavailable testosterone concentration. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the testosterone bioavailability and the anabolic endocrine milieu in response to acute ethanol ingestion after a bout of heavy resistance exercise. Methods: Eight resistance-trained men (mean ± SD: 25.3 ± 3.2 yr, 87.7 ± 15.1 kg, 177 ± 7 cm) completed two identical acute heavy resistance exercise tests (AHRET: six sets of 10 repetitions of Smith machine squats) separated by 1 wk. Post-AHRET, participants consumed either 1.09 g of grain ethanol per kilogram lean mass (EtOH condition) or no ethanol (placebo condition). Blood samples were collected immediately before exercise (PRE), immediately after exercise (IP), and every 20 min postexercise for 300 min. Samples after IP were pooled into phases (20–40 min, 60–120 min, and 140–300 min after exercise) and analyzed for total testosterone (TT) and free testosterone (FT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), cortisol, and estradiol. Results: Peak blood ethanol concentration (0.088 ± 0.015 g·dL−1) was achieved 60–90 min postexercise. TT and FT were elevated significantly (P ≤ 0.05) at IP for both conditions. At 140–300 min postexercise, TT, FT, and free androgen index were significantly higher for EtOH (TT: 22.5 ± 12.5 nmol·L−1; FT: 40.5 ± 7.6 pmol·L−1) than for placebo (TT: 13.9 ± 6.8 nmol·L−1; FT: 22.7 ± 10.0 pmol·L−1). No differences between conditions were noted for SHBG, cortisol, or estradiol. Conclusion: Postexercise ethanol ingestion affects the hormonal milieu including testosterone concentration and bioavailability during recovery from resistance exercise.
The acute hormonal response to free weight and machine weight resistance exercise
(Wolters-Kluwer, 2014) Shaner, Aaron A.; Vingren, Jakob L.; Hatfield, Disa L.; Budnar, Ronald G., Jr.; Duplanty, Anthony A.; Hill, David W.
Resistance exercise can acutely increase the concentrations of circulating neuroendocrine factors, but the effect of mode on this response is not established. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of resistance exercise selection on the acute hormonal response using similar lower-body multijoint movement free weight and machine weight exercises. Ten resistance trained men (25 ± 3 years, 179 ± 7 cm, 84.2 ± 10.5 kg) completed 6 sets of 10 repetitions of squat or leg press at the same relative intensity separated by 1 week. Blood samples were collected before (PRE), immediately after (IP), and 15 (P15) and 30 minutes (P30) after exercise, and analyzed for testosterone (T), growth hormone (GH), and cortisol (C) concentrations. Exercise increased (p ≤ 0.05) T and GH at IP, but the concentrations at IP were greater for the squat (T: 31.4 ± 10.3 nmol·L−1; GH: 9.5 ± 7.3 μg·L−1) than for the leg press (T: 26.9 ± 7.8 nmol·L−1; GH: 2.8 ± 3.2 μg·L−1). At P15 and P30, GH was greater for the squat (P15: 12.3 ± 8.9 μg·L−1; P30: 12.0 ± 8.9 μg·L−1) than for the leg press (P15: 4.8 ± 3.4 μg·L−1; P30: 5.4 ± 4.1 μg·L−1). C was increased after exercise and was greater for the squat than for the leg press. Although total work (external load and body mass moved) was greater for the squat than for the leg press, rating of perceived exertion did not differ between the modes. Free weight exercises seem to induce greater hormonal responses to resistance exercise than machine weight exercises using similar lower-body multijoint movements and primary movers.
The acute hormonal response to the kettlebell swing exercise
(Wolters-Kluwer, 2014) Duplanty, Anthony A.; Budnar, Ronald G.; Hill, David W.; McFarlin, Brian K.; Vingren, Jakob L.
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute hormonal response to the kettlebell swing exercise. Ten recreationally resistance trained men (age, 24 ± 4 years; height, 175 ± 6 cm; body mass, 78.7 ± 9.9 kg) performed 12 rounds of 30 seconds of 16 kg kettlebell swings alternated with 30 seconds of rest. Blood samples were collected before (PRE), immediately after (IP), and 15 (P15) and 30 minutes after exercise (P30) and analyzed for testosterone (T), immunoreactive growth hormone, cortisol (C), and lactate concentrations. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion were measured at the end of each round. Testosterone was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) at IP than at PRE, P15, or P30 (PRE: 28 ± 3; IP: 32 ± 4; P15: 29 ± 3; P30: 27 ± 3 nmol·L−1). Growth hormone was higher at IP, P15, and P30 than at PRE (PRE: 0.1 ± 0.1; IP: 1.8 ± 1.2; P15: 2.1 ± 1.1; P30: 1.6 ± 1.3 μg·L−1). Cortisol was higher at IP and P15 than at PRE and P30 (PRE: 617 ± 266; IP: 894 ± 354; P15: 875 ± 243; P30: 645 ± 285 nmol·L−1). Lactate was higher at IP, P15, and P30 than at PRE (PRE: 1.1 ± 0.5; IP: 7.0 ± 3.0; P15: 4.0 ± 2.7; P30: 2.5 ± 1.8 mmol·L−1). Heart rate increased progressively from 57 ± 12 at PRE to 170 ± 10 at IP. The exercise protocol produced an acute increase in hormones involved in muscle adaptations. Thus, the kettlebell swing exercise might provide a good supplement to resistance training programs.
Physical activity and intellectual disability
(Wolters-Kluwer, 2014) Duplanty, Anthony A.; Vingren, Jakob; Keller, Jean
Individuals with intellectual disability can benefit from physical activity programs. It is important that fitness professionals understand individuals' medical conditions, intellectual and social abilities, as well as their required systems of support and use this knowledge to design and adapt physical activities according to the needs of each individual.
Exercise training recommendations: Working with individuals with intellectual disabilities
(Wolters-Kluwer, 2014) Duplanty, Anthony A.; Vingren, Jakob; Keller, Jean
Persons with intellectual disability can benefit from a multimodal approach to physical activity by incorporating cardiorespiratory, resistance training, flexibility, and neuromotor exercises into each week's sessions. Exercises should be adaptable and modified to accommodate an individual's moods, behaviors, and levels of engagement on a session-to-session basis.
Systematic observation of coach feedback in elite youth volleyball
(American Press, 2014) Mann, Mark
The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship of coach feedback during time-outs to the performance of 16-18 year old volleyball players in competitive match play. Systematic observation of coach feedback during 89 time-outs was recorded using the Coach Time-Out Observation Instrument (CTOOI). For the 879 feedback statements that were made during the timeouts, the CTOOI categorized coach feedback as to technical, tactical, or psychological. Data from the Game Performance Assessment Instrument were collected for the setter. Multiple regression did not show any feedback strategy to be significant for the entire group of setters in terms of performance improvement. However, for higher skilled setters, significant improvement in setter performance occurred when feedback was tactically oriented towards the tactical opponent in combination with technical internal feedback. For lower skilled setters, improvement in setter decision-making was significantly related to time-out feedback characterized by psychologically encouraging over and above discouraging remarks.
Functional and biomechanical assessments of a matter of balance/volunteer lay leader model
(Sage, 2014) Mehta, Ranjana K.; Liu, Jian; Shortz, Ashley E.; Yoshikawa, Aya; Lee, Shin D.; Pankey, Robert B.; Towne, Samuel D.; Smith, Matthew L.; Howell, Doris; Ory, Marcia G.
The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of A Matter of Balance/Volunteer Lay Leader model (AMOB/VLL), an evidence-based falls prevention program, on improving balance and mobility. Twenty-eight community-dwelling older adults completed an eight-week AMOB/VLL program. Pre/post assessments of biomechanical and functional outcomes of balance during single and dual-task trials, as well as perceptions of fear of falling, were compared using pairwise t-tests and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Our findings suggest that while improvements in functional indicators of mobility and perception regarding fear of falling were observed, biomechanical and functional assessments specific to balance during the single-task trials remained unaffected by the intervention. Interestingly, the group exhibited improvements in biomechanical measures during the dual-task trials. Since AMOB/VLL primarily focuses on restructuring participants’ perceptions about falls and only includes generalized exercises, including balance-specific training within the program can potentially improve balance outcomes among older adults.
Collaborative action research project in coaching
(Experiential Student Scholars Awards Luncheon, 2014-10-24) Mann, Mark David; Hamilton, Emily
One of the essential questions of action research is to determine whether or not the core values the coach has professed is actually carried out in their professional life. When this continuity exists, research has shown that Coaches become more highly motivated in their work.(Mann, 2013). Coaches in the study (n=9) participated in a four week summer hybrid course where they were exposed (first week) to Coaching by two Master Coaches from USA Volleyball who were skilled in the Athlete Centered Coaching Style, and then tasked with implementing their core value into their own coaching (weeks 2-4) back home for three subsequent weeks.
The effect of post-resistance exercise alcohol ingestion on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokines [abstract only]
(Springer, 2015) Duplanty, Anthony A.; Levitt, Danielle E.; Budnar, Ronald G.; Luk, Hui-Ying; Fernandez, Alexander; Layman, Travis J.; Fancher, Daniel L.; Hill, David W.; McFarlin, Brian K.; Vingren, Jakob L.
Purpose: To examine the effect of post-resistance exercise alcohol ingestion on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated production of IFNγ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10. Methods: Recreationally resistance-trained men (n = 10, 25 ± 3 year, 177 ± 7 cm, 83.8 ± 15.7 kg, 14.8 ± 8.5 % body fat) and women (n = 8, 23 ± 2 year, 161 ± 3 cm, 59.5 ± 6.0 kg, 26.5 ± 3.0 % body fat) completed two identical heavy back squat sessions (6 × 10 at 80 % 1 repetition maximum) followed by ingestion of either an alcohol (ALC; 1.09 g ethanol · kg fat-free mass−1) or water (PLA) drink. Blood samples were collected before exercise (PRE), and at 3 h (3 h), and 5 h (5 h) after exercise, stimulated with LPS, and analyzed for IFNγ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 concentrations. Results: There were no drink conditions by time effects for IFNγ, TNF-α, IL-1β, or IL-10. Regardless of condition, resistance exercise induce an increase in IFNγ, TNF-α, and IL-1β at 5 h compared to PRE but a decrease in IL-10 at 3 and 5 h compared to PRE. For ALC, IL-8 was reduced at 5 h compared to PLA. From PRE to 3 h, IL-6 was reduced for ALC but increased for PLA; resistance exercise induced an increase in IL-6 for both conditions at 5 h. Conclusions: Heavy resistance exercise increased production of IFNγ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and Il-6 and decreased production of IL-10. Alcohol ingestion after resistance exercise affected aspects of inflammatory capacity (IL-6 and IL-8 production). It appears that some of the effects previously observed for alcohol ingestion alone on the LPS-stimulated cytokine production were overwhelmed by the response to resistance exercise.
The acute testosterone, growth hormone, cortisol and interleukin-6 response to 164-km road cycling in a hot environment
(Taylor & Francis, 2015) Duplanty, Anthony A.; Vingren, Jakob L.; Budnar, Ronald G.; McKenzie, Amy L.; Luk, Hui-Ying; Levitt, Danielle E.; Armstrong, Lawrence E.
This study investigated the acute endocrine responses to a 164-km road cycling event in a hot environment. Thirty-four male experienced cyclists (49.1 ± 8.3 years, 86.8 ± 12.5 kg, 178.1 ± 5.1 cm) participating in a 164-km road cycling event were recruited. Blood samples were collected within 0.3–2.0 h before the start (PRE: ~0500–0700 h) and immediately following the ride (POST). Samples were analysed for testosterone, growth hormone (GH), cortisol and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The temperature and humidity during the event were 35.3 ± 4.9°C and 47.2 ± 14.0%, respectively. Based on the finishing time, results for the fastest (FAST, 305 ± 10 min) and the slowest (SLOW, 467 ± 31 min) quartiles were compared. At POST, testosterone concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) lower (PRE, 20.8 ± 8.6; POST, 18.2 ± 6.7 nmol · L−1), while GH (PRE, 0.3 ± 0.1; POST, 2.3 ± 0.3 µg · L−1), cortisol (PRE, 661 ± 165; POST, 1073 ± 260 nmol · L−1) and IL-6 (PRE, 4.0 ± 3.4; POST, 22.4 ± 15.2 pg · mL−1) concentrations were significantly higher than those at PRE. At POST, GH and cortisol were significantly higher for the FAST group than for the SLOW group (GH, 3.6 ± 2.0 and 1.0 ± 0.8 µg · L−1; cortisol, 1187 ± 209 and 867 ± 215 nmol · L−1). Participation in an ultra-endurance road cycling event in a hot environment induced significant acute changes in concentrations of circulating hormones, with a greater augmentation of GH and cortisol in those completing the ride fastest.
Leukocyte subset changes in response to a 164-km road cycle ride in a hot environment
(Western Kentucky University, 2016) Duplanty, Anthony A.; Luk, Hui Ying; McKenzie, Amy L.; Budnar, Ronald G.; Levitt, Danielle; Fernandez, Alex; Lee, Elaine C.; Armstrong, Lawrence E.; Vingren, Jakob L.
The purpose of this observational study was to determine the circulating leukocyte subset response to completing the 2013 Hotter’N Hell Hundred recreational 164-km road cycle event in a hot and humid environmental condition. Twenty-eight men and four women were included in this study. Whole blood samples were obtained 1-2 hours before (PRE) and immediately after (POST) the event. Electronic sizing/sorting and cytometry were used to determine complete blood counts (CBC) including neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte subsets. The concentration of circulating total leukocytes (103·µL-1) increased 134% from PRE to POST with the greatest increase in neutrophils (319%, p<0.0001). Circulating monocytes (including macrophages) increased 24% (p=0.004) and circulating lymphocytes including B and T cells increased 53% (p<0.0001). No association was observed between rolling time or relative intensity and leukocyte subset. Completing the Hotter n’ Hell Hundred (HHH), a 100 mile recreational cycling race in extreme (hot and humid) environmental conditions, induces a substantial increase in total leukocytes in circulation. The contribution of increases in specific immune cell subsets is not equal, with neutrophils increasing to greater than 4-fold starting values from PRE to POST race. It is likely that exercise in stressful environmental conditions affects the complement of circulating immune cells, although activational state and characterization of specific leukocyte subsets remains unclear. The observed increase in circulating cell sub-populations suggests that the circulating immune surveillance system may be acutely affected by exercise in hot and humid conditions.
Case study: The USA Paralympic Volleyball Coaching Internship Course
(The Journal of Athlete Centered Coaching, 2016) Mann, Mark David
A group of American University Graduate Students participated in a one week internship at the USA Paralympic Volleyball training center in Oklahoma, USA. A primary goal of the internship was to increase the motivation of the students in the program towards their own coaching endeavors as they examined and re#ected upon their core values in coaching. The student coaches in the study (n=9) were exposed to Coaching by Master Coaches from the USA Paralympic Volleyball team. These master coaches were skilled in an Athlete Centred Coaching Style that manifested the core values of: 1) an exemplary work ethic, 2) player empowerment, and 3) a prioritization of team cohesion. Upon the completion of the internship, data analysis revealed that there was a signi!cant di"erence on scores for the student coaches on the Sport Motivation Scale II, a reliable and valid instrument designed to measure sport motivation. This increase in coach motivation occurred in large part as a result of the students’ exposure and interaction with the Paralympic Master Coaches and the USA Paralympic Volleyball teams.

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