Human Development, Family Studies & Counseling
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11274/8858
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Browsing Human Development, Family Studies & Counseling by Author "Allen, Katherine"
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Item A content analysis of women in pharmaceutical advertisements(1987-12-30) Riser, Earlene A.; Kershaw, Carol; Ferrell, Barbara; Allen, Katherine; Fannin, Ronald; Jennings, GlenPhysicians' perceptions of their female patients impact the delivery of health care. An indirect measure of the most popular current and historical view of women is the manner in which they are portrayed in pharmaceutical advertisements. Drug companies have an interest in depicting women in ways that coincide with the consumer-physician's view. In the past, researchers have critized the stereotypical negative portrayal of women in the patient role. The purpose of this retrospective descriptive study was to determine if changes in the portrayal of women in pharmaceutical advertisements have taken place over the last two decades. Five hundred and twenty three pharmaceutical advertisements were searched for the presence of an adult female patient depicted in a manner such that the setting, the physical activity, the physical appearance, the psychological appearance, the age range, the race, and the type of drug could all be determined and coded. This study also examined the number of advertisements depicting women as appropriate recipients of medication. A content analysis of 143 advertisements featuring 157 women patients meeting the coding criteria was performed on a stratified random sample of three medical journals representing the target years of 1965, 1972, 1979, and 1985. A chi-square test for significance was used with crosstabulation tables to record the frequency of each variable. The results showed significant changes in the area of frequency of females used in advertisements. There were no significant changes in setting, physical activity, physical appearance, age range, race, or type of drug prescribed. There were significant shifts in the direction of portraying women as more unhappy. The conclusion was drawn that although women were depicted less frequently in pharmaceutical advertisements, they were still negatively stereotyped. It was also concluded that women's roles may have continued to change and expand at a faster rate than the advertisers' or physicians' responses during the 20-year period.Item Family life satisfaction and job satisfaction for women in dual-earner marriages and traditional and nontraditional occupations(1989-08-30) McIntyre, Eleanor Holton; Chenoweth, Lillian; Allen, Katherine; Engelbrecht, JoAnn; Gershner, Vera; Tate, DeannaThis research examined the relationship between family life satisfaction and job satisfaction of women in dual-earner families . The women were divided into traditional and non-traditional groups based on job status. The Work, Home, Family Questionnaire, a survey assessing respondents' perceptions of their workplace and quality of their home and family life, was mailed to 400 subjects in six economic regions of Texas. The return rate was 36.25 % or 145 questionnaires, 65 in traditional employment and 71 in non-traditional. The mean age for the sample was 39. The educational mean was "some education after high school" and the average income was in th $40,001 to $50,000 range. Multivariate analysis of covariance was performed to analyze differences in scores of family life satisfaction and job satisfaction between the two groups of women. Significant differences were found in the educational level of the two groups . There was also statistical significance in the scores on the family life satisfaction and job satisfaction between women with and without dependents. Respondents indicated relatively high levels of satisfaction with their home and family life and also perceived that home and family life had a positive effec t on work performance. The women reported a generally high level of satisfaction with their work, although slightly lower than their perceived satisfaction with home and family life. A statistically significant difference occurred between the two groups of women when asked about the effect work had on home and family life. While both gave positive responses, the women in non- traditional occupations had the significant, higher score. The multivariate analysis was covaried on the age and family income level of the respondent, but neither variable was statistically significant. Other variable showing no statistical significance included the need for paid child care and the ages of children requiring child care. Women in non-traditional jobs responded that work had a more positive effect on their home life than did those in traditional jobs. Low scores were reported from both groups as to the difficulty of combining work and family responsibilities.