The early intervention paradox: An examination of delayed autism spectrum disorder diagnoses across racial groups and gender

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) poses diagnostic challenges due to its multifaceted nature, characterized by social, communicative, and behavioral deficits. Diagnosis relies on observational and standardized assessments, lacking definitive biomarkers. Early identification is crucial for favorable outcomes, yet disparities persist, especially among minority children and girls, revealing gaps between recommended screening and implementation. Focused on racial, ethnic, and gender disparities, this study examines biases within assessment practices. Specifically, the study investigates diagnostic practices for minority children and girls with ASD, and the utilization of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule - Second Edition (ADOS-2) across diverse racial and ethnic groups. By addressing these disparities and biases, the study aims to add to the literature base and give guidance to create more equitable diagnostic practices, enhancing outcomes for individuals with ASD across varied populations.