Tools for online transition of core science labs

During spring 2020, fall 2021, and spring 2021 we transitioned our formerly face-to-face introductory biology lab for majors to an online format. We had many periods of trial and error and have learned quite a bit along the way. This paper shares the pros and cons of three different methods we used in our attempt to simulate hands-on instruction for our online students: (1) preexisting, prepackaged paid online labs, (2) pre-existing pre-packaged free online simulations, and (3) modifying our existing activities for students to do at home. We found a continuum of experiences in the instructional value, delivery method, ease of use, and student efficacy.