An examination of pitch-matching techniques utilized by middle school choral directors to improve pitch accuracy for uncertain singers

The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between uncertain singers according to grade level and gender and to identify the most effective techniques for advancing pitch accuracy among uncertain singers in middle school choral programs. Results show that middle school female singers are significantly more accurate in pitch-matching than middle school male singers, and grade level proves to influence pitch accuracy. Additionally, factors such as repetition, listening, pitch perception, vocal modeling, and vocal range tend to influence pitch accuracy; however, directors must first understand emotional, physical, and transitional stages faced by middle school students.