The innate immune response coordinates several molecular activities, including a cell-cell signaling pathway called Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β), conserved in species from the simplest animals to humans. In the ...

Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) have important roles in the human body, including bone and cartilage formation and repair, cell growth and differentiation, and tissue homeostasis. Another family of proteins, ADAMTS (a ...

Dwarves are a prominent part of folklore in many world cultures. They are characterized by short stature, large heads, coarse facial features, and curved spines. This project explores a possible genetic cause for the ...

Animals use multiple signaling pathways for cell-to-cell communication for proper development. One signaling pathway is defined by its ligand family of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP). In the roundworm C. elegans, BMP ...